What activities are prohibited on church holidays? Yegory Orthodox holiday - history, rituals, traditions Yegory day, what not to do

Yegoryev Day is a holiday overgrown with many superstitions, signs and traditions. The Slavs have two such days a year. Find out below how many times a year, when and how Yuryev, or Yegoryev's Day, is celebrated.

What date to celebrate and how many times a year

There are several Yegoryev Day holidays. The Orthodox have four such days a year, and all of them are dedicated to memory Great Martyr George the Victorious. People have long called him Yegor or Yuri.

Lubok "Egory of the Spring". 19th century

Yegoriy Veshny is celebrated on May 6th. This is the day of remembrance of the saint in Orthodoxy, the date of his death according to his biography. It has many popular names - St. George's Day, horse holiday, the day of the Unlocking of the Earth. Sometimes another one was used - Yegor Golodny, since by the beginning of May all supplies usually came to an end.

December 9 - Egoriy Osenniy. The holiday was established in the 11th century and coincides with the consecration of the St. George Church in Kyiv. It was subsequently destroyed in the 30s of the last century. Saint Yegoriy was considered the heavenly patron of Prince Yaroslav Vladimirovich, who at the time of construction was the Prince of Kyiv. He also set the date of veneration of the saint on December 9.

S. Ivanov. "St. George's Day" 1908

April 23 is the day of veneration of St. George in Catholicism. In the Georgian Orthodox tradition, he is one of the most revered saints as the patron saint of Georgia. The day dedicated to George is celebrated here on November 23 and May 6.

In Orthodoxy, only two days dedicated to the saint are holidays. These are May 6th and December 9th. Many traditions have been associated with these dates for several centuries. They are also the main calendar milestones in the lives of peasants. Agricultural work begins on Yegor Veshniy, and ends by Osenniy.

Egoriy Veshny - essence and traditions

On spring St. George's day “the saint opens the earth”, “brings spring”- this is what people say to this day. In ancient times, on May 6, the opening of the new agricultural season was celebrated. During pagan times, a holiday dedicated to Dazhdbog was celebrated at this time.

Egorievskaya dew has received a lot of attention since ancient times. To swim in it is to gain health, longevity and beauty. With the keys taken from God, the saint opened the earth, releasing healing liquid from it. True, it retained its magical properties only until dawn. Cattle were also wiped with this dew to avoid illness and the evil eye. However, with the help of Yuriev's dew, in the old days witches caused damage to livestock. Therefore, in some regions it was considered harmful to animals.

It was believed that such dew enhances the healing properties of herbs. Therefore, it was impossible to do without collecting medicinal plants. At this time, chaga, Irish moss, fir and pine needles, oak bark, angelica roots, hawthorn flowers, birch buds and leaves, as well as dandelions and lilies of the valley are collected.

The blessing of wells and springs is another custom at the beginning of May. After the prayer service, everyone considered it their duty to collect water in reserve, attributing to it the properties of Yegoryevsk dew.

An almost forgotten tradition of Yegor Veshny is to go to the houses of couples who got married this year and sing majestic songs in their honor. As on Christmastide, it was customary to give a treat for this. This tradition is called Vyunishnik, or calling out to the young. She practiced not only on St. George's Day, but also on some other holidays.

St. George was considered the patron saint of brides, and on his feast day girls prayed for marriage. It was customary to wear the most beautiful and brightest outfits, a large amount of jewelry - so that the grooms would notice.

Otherwise, like most Slavic holidays, St. George’s Day was accompanied by songs and round dances around large bonfires. An important part of the folk festivities on May 6 in most regions of Rus' were horse competitions. Swearing and quarrels were strictly prohibited. In the old days, they believed that violators would be killed by lightning on Elijah’s Day, August 2.

It was not possible to do without feasts and ritual meals in the fields and gardens. Jelly occupied a special place on the table. His absence was considered a great sin. For the Southern Slavs, a mandatory dish is spit-roasted lamb. Leftover food was buried there to increase the productivity of the land.

Customs and rituals

IN Earth Unlocking Day For the first time in the year, cattle were driven out to pasture with a certain ritual. Animals were decorated. For example, it was customary to decorate sheep with wreaths of fresh flowers. A separate wreath was hung on the container for the first milking. The horses were fed baked goods in the shape of a cross.

The Southern Slavs sacrificed lambs on St. George's Day to protect animals from disease, damage and the evil eye, predators and evil spirits. His blood was collected without spilling on the ground. She was supposed to lubricate the foreheads and lips of children, as well as the first beards of boys. The purpose of this action was protection from evil spirits and disease.

On May 6, shepherds are also honored. In the old days, they were visited in the field and treated to scrambled eggs, and given fabrics and money. One of the traditions, perhaps, did not please the shepherds too much - they were doused with cold water so that they would not fall asleep while working. It was considered a great sin if a shepherd did not attend a church service on a holiday dedicated to his patron.

In addition, the shepherd was obliged to offer milk to the goblin if the field was located near his property. He also had to conclude or renew an agreement with the owner of the forest on the protection of livestock from wild animals. To do this, the shepherd uttered a special spell, and then threw an open castle into the forest. The goblin locked it with a key, and the lock was kept in a special place, which only the shepherd knew about.

In Ukraine and Belarus, during the Discovery of the Earth, it was customary to inspect the crops and invite a priest to consecrate the fields. There was a sign - if you inspect the vegetable garden and garden on Yegory, the year will be fertile. For the same purpose, the owners tumbled over the beds and fields. On Yuri, branches blessed on Palm Sunday were stuck into the ground for protection and harvest. Crosses and candles blessed in the temple were also buried. Sometimes the pasture of livestock was combined with an inspection of the fields - the animals were led through the crops. In the old days they believed that such a walk would increase milk yield and increase the harvest.

Rituals and conspiracies on Yegoriy Veshny were mostly aimed at the well-being of livestock, their fertility, protection from witches and evil spirits. On this day there was a ban on spinning and knitting from wool. Even picking up threads is a bad omen, leading to the death of livestock from wolf teeth. However, if you are not engaged in cattle breeding, this ban does not apply to you.

Weather and gardening signs for May 6

If it’s warm on Yegoryev’s day in May, it means that summer won’t be cold. A lot of mosquitoes - a sign of rapid warming. Heavy rain on May 6 foreshadows a lot of grass in the summer. Rain indicates that there will be a lot of bread, but buckwheat will not be harvested. The warm night from May 6 to 7 warns about this. A lot of dew can be taken as advice to sow millet - a lot of it will grow this year. Snow, hail and frost - to a good buckwheat harvest.

A clear morning suggests that early sowings will be most successful. If it was cloudy in the morning, but by the evening the weather had improved, the harvest will be late. The south wind means a good harvest; the north wind foretells a not very successful year for gardeners. The large size of leaves on birch trees also indicates a good harvest.

In order to find out how ugly cucumbers are, you need to hang a wet towel on Yegor Veshny on the street. If it dries out in the evening, expect a large number of these vegetables in the beds. If not, you shouldn’t count on their harvest.

Egor Osenniy - traditions and superstitions

Autumn Yegoryev day, or Yuri Kholodny celebrated on December 9. It is on this date, in the minds of our distant ancestors, that the saint releases wolves. It was often called the wolf wedding day. From now on, predators will attack livestock and people more often. Therefore, St. George the Victorious could not do without prayer for protection from wild animals.

In the imagination of Russians who lived several centuries ago, St. George rides on a horse in the spring, and on a wolf in the winter. In order to appease him and the forest predators, ritual cookies were baked in the shape of horses, cows and other animals. Treats were buried in the field. Another way to protect pets is to give them water from an ice hole into which several burning coals from the stove have been thrown.

Since December 9, the bears stopped bothering the villagers and went to bed until spring. It’s getting colder, the rivers are freezing - “Yuri is building bridges.” In the old days, on this day it was necessary to insulate windows, doors and the entrance to the cellar.

The winter day of memory of St. George the Victorious was also a holiday of strength and courage. There was a tradition of floating weak and frail guys in a bathhouse and whipping them with oak brooms. Oak has always served as a symbol of strength, good health, and masculine energy. It is believed that after such procedures you can gain strength. After the bath, men lubricated their bodies with wolf fat to imitate the courage of the predatory beast.

For serfs, Yuryev's day had special significance. This was the only day of the year when they could change their owner. Perhaps this is where the following superstition takes its roots - on winter St. George’s Day, all debts should be paid off. However, they always tried to do this before the offensive. New Year's holidays so as not to live in debt for another year. Preparation for them begins with Yegory.

Since those times, a sign has been preserved - the master will be kind to workers hired on December 9. Therefore, it was believed that this day is best suited for job searches, interviews, and the first day of work. Since many peasant families left at this time to seek a better life, Yuryev's holiday is considered one of the best days for moving. But before getting ready for a long journey, in the old days they ordered a prayer service in the church - so that life in the new place would not be worse than in the old one.

Catchphrases like “Here’s to you, grandma, and Yuryev’s Day” or “A woman dressed up on Yuryev’s Day to take a walk from the manor’s yard, but she couldn’t find the way” were also composed during the times of serfdom. In the 17th century, a royal decree prohibited peasants from moving from one owner to another. Most of the proverbs about this day took on a tone of disappointment.

Even if the weather was not very favorable, medicinal plants were collected on December 9th. These include pine needles, alder and mistletoe. It was believed that plants on this day have stronger healing properties.

Weather signs for December 9

One of the traditions of Yegoriy Osenniy is listen to water in wells. The noise predicted the weather for the winter. Calm water means warmth, noisy water means severe cold. As much snow falls on December 9, so much grass will grow in the spring.

Severe frost on Yuri means a harsh winter. This was also predicted by the howl of a wolf heard in the village, as well as the wind from the north. Frost on December 9 foretells a good harvest next year, especially oats.

A snowstorm on December 9 foretells a good swarming of bees. A crimson dawn means a strong wind, a blizzard. Wind - to a snowstorm. The thaw predicted that the winter would be rich in warm days. This also promises the appearance of rooks.

In general, Egoriev, or Yuriev's day, celebrated twice a year, served not only as a day of remembrance of the saint, but also as a calendar milestone, the boundary between the warm and cold seasons of the year. On Veshny Yegoriy, the patron saint opened the land, and the people, in turn, began the agricultural season. Winter Egor released hungry wolves and severe frosts into the wild. Many superstitions, mostly of an agricultural nature, are associated with these days.

Or Yegoriy Veshny.

For the Orthodox Church, May 6 is the date of honoring the memory of the righteous and great martyr George the Victorious. St. George the Victorious is one of the most revered saints.

Since the name Georgy is not Russian, people use its derivatives - Yuri and Yegor. The holiday itself has several other names - St. George the Victorious, St. George the Brave, Day of Yegory Veshny, Yuri Veshny, Yuri Teply, Yegory, Yegoryev's Day, Yegory the Spring, Yegory the Hungry, Yegory the Lazy Plow, the Feast of the Shepherds, the Herder, the Water Carrier.

According to history, St. George was born into a wealthy Christian family in the city of Belite, which is located near the Lebanese Mountains. From an early age, his parents instilled in their son a love for the Lord and taught him to respect and honor the laws of God. George was smart enough and physically well developed and chose military service as his vocation. Very quickly he became the main military leader and favorite of the ruler Diocletian. Diocletian went down in history as a ruler who brutally persecuted Christians.

Once, during the trial of a Christian, George heard a sentence of death. He could not remain indifferent to such cruelty and confessed to Diocletian that he was also a Christian and believed only in Jesus Christ. The emperor was upset by George's confession and suggested that he renounce his faith. However, George was adamant. For this, the ruler ordered him to be tortured. For many days, George was tortured, but he bravely endured all the torture and offered prayers to Christ. Ultimately, Diocletian realized that he could not break George, then he gave the order to behead the martyr. This happened in 303 in Nicomedia.

Yuryev Day (Egory Veshny) May 6, 2018, being a national holiday, has a lot of traditions and rituals, signs and beliefs, many of which are still relevant. Traditionally, people devote this day to the earth, as well as to pets and caring for them. It is from Yegor Veshny that people begin to engage in basic field work. On this holiday, people perform special rituals to make the land fertile and produce a good harvest. To do this, prayer services are held in the sown fields, and the ground is sprinkled with holy water.

On St. George's Day, May 6, the owners pay special attention to livestock and pets, clean them, wash them, and give them tasty and nutritious food.

Also, St. George's Day (Yegory Veshny) on May 6, 2018 is considered the holiday of shepherds. Therefore, on this day, people cajole these workers, give them gifts, and treat them to scrambled eggs.

According to popular belief, you can’t work with wool on St. George’s Day, May 6th. Women do not spin or knit and generally try not to touch wool on this holiday. Because people say that otherwise the wolves may drag away the sheep.

Yegoryev Day (Yegor Yuri). Egory Veshny. George the Victorious. Festival of the Shepherds- they drive the herd out into the field. During Yegoryevsk week, swallows arrive.
Yegory is the organizer of the Russian land. Until the 15th century, he alone was on the state coat of arms. He is also the patron saint of the capital city of Moscow. Moreover, he is considered the patron saint of fields and all fruits of the earth, which predetermined the tradition of consecrating fields and crops on this day. George - the Water-Bearer, he was also the patron saint of springs and rivers. Therefore, on the saint’s day, the blessing of water was also obligatory. Yuriev's dew has a healing effect even on hopelessly ill people. St. George's Day is celebrated twice a year: on May 6 and December 9. Therefore, the signs and sayings that developed for St. George’s Day corresponded to the time of year. George was called, according to the popular transformation of the name, both Yegor and Yuri. Since our modern calendar is “shifted” forward by 13 days, all signs should be attributed to how they developed on April 23. By the day of St. George the Spring, field work was already underway everywhere.
The peasants asked Yegor to open up the land and release the dew. Yuriev's dew from the evil eye, from seven ailments. "Be healthy, like Yuriev's dew!" On Yegoryev's day, they hung a damp towel in the yard: if it dries overnight, there will be no frost for a long time, but if it freezes, there will be frosts in August.
There are two Yegoriyas in Rus': one is cold, the other is hungry (December 9 and May 6). If the spring Egoriy is with food, the autumn Nikola (December 19) will be with a bridge (i.e. winter will set in, there will be a good sleigh ride). It's frosty in Yegorya - there will be millet and oats. When there is frost on Georgia and it will happen again in a week, we should expect a warm autumn. Just as it freezes on Yegorievsk night, forty matinees will still fall on bread. On Yegorya dew - there will be good millet. On Yurya, rain is a non-genus. Early spring sowing from Yegorye, late - from Yeremey (May 14). A clear morning on Yurya means early sowing, a clear evening means late sowing. These early peas are before George, the late ones are after George. From George they begin to sow beets, carrots and seedlings. The first day of cattle grazing. Round dances began with Yegory, and gatherings were postponed until Dmitry (November 8). Yuriev spring day. Egory with warmth, and Nikola with food. Egory with water (dew), and Nikola with grass. Yegory with a bridge, and Nikola with a nail. Yegory with a burden (with a body), and Nikola with a cart. Don’t boast about sowing on Yegoryev’s day, or boasting about grass on Nikelin’s day! On Yegoryev's day, doesn't the lazy plow go out? Swallows arrive in Yegoria. There is dew on Yuri - the horses don't need oats. Yuri stores cows, Nikola stores horses. Yuri is a holiday of shepherds (since on his day cattle are driven out into the willow field for the first time since Palm Sunday). Yuriev's dew from the evil eye, from seven ailments. Be healthy, like Yuri's dew! If Yuri has a birch leaf in his bowl, put bread in the tub for the Assumption. Yarovaya this to Yegorye or from Yegorye. The rich man is well-fed even on St. Yegoryev’s Day, but the poor man endures until the Savior. They don’t work near Yegorye Veshny so that the wolf doesn’t eat the sheep. On St. George's Yegory rides through the forests on a white horse and gives orders to the animals. Every animal is at Yegor's fingertips. What the wolf has in its teeth, Yuri gave. Egory begins spring, Ilya ends summer.

Egory Veshny. Festival of the shepherds - they drive the flock into the field. During Yegoryevsk week, swallows arrive.
During a thunderstorm, the thunder will soon stop - the weather will improve.
Birds build nests on the sunny side - for a cold summer.
A healthy person has an unreasonably depressed mood - it means rain.
The evening dawn is crimson-red - to bad weather.
Clouds have appeared in the sky, shaped like lenses or elongated lentil seeds - a thunderstorm will begin in 1-1.5 hours.

Other folk signs of May.

If it rains in May, there will be rye.
How many rains there are in May, the harvest will take so long.
The sky will give rain, and the earth will give rye.
When the bird cherry blossoms, there is always cold.
It gets especially cold when the oak tree unfolds.

Russian folk signs and superstitions.

The woman is free to cast a spell.
If you throw tear-grass into the forge, the blacksmith cannot work.
Just as you look into the water, that’s what it seems like.
Go to bed in a stocking.
The nose itches - look into the glass. The nose itches - in old age.
Analyzing meetings and omens - don’t get off the stove.
Such a forest that there is a hole in the sky.

Feast of St. Egor (name options - George, Yuri) - May 6. According to legend, St. George pierced a green dragon (serpent) with a spear - “an image that has come into use since ancient times as the coat of arms of the Moscow kingdom.” St. Throughout Russia, George was considered the patron saint of livestock - it was he who was asked to protect the herd during grazing, he was asked for healing in case of animal illness, etc. "Sometimes in warmer places [Yegoryev Day - May 6] ... coincides with the “pasture” of cattle in the field, but in harsh forest provinces this is only a “circulation of the cattle”... The ritual of the “circulation” is performed in the same way and consists mainly in the fact that the owners walk around the entire household with the image of St. Victorious George cattle gathered in a heap in their yard, and then herded into a common herd gathered at the chapels, where a water-blessing prayer service is served, after which the entire herd is sprinkled with holy water and driven out of the outskirts, no matter what the weather was that day... old Novgorod region (in Cherepovets, Borovicheskiy and other districts), where sometimes livestock graze without shepherds, the owners themselves "go around" in compliance with ancient customs. Early in the morning, the owner prepares a pie for his cattle with a whole egg baked in it. Even before sunrise, he puts cake in a sieve, takes the icon, lights a wax candle, girds himself with a sash, sticking a willow behind it in front, and an ax behind it. In this outfit, in his yard, the owner walks around the cattle in the sun three times, and the hostess (in Ulom) lights incense from a pot of hot coals and makes sure that the doors are all locked this time. The pie is broken into as many pieces as there are heads of cattle on the farm, and each is given a piece, and the willow, judging by the accepted custom of that area, is either thrown onto the water of the river to float away, or stuck under the eaves* (the willow saves from lightning during a thunderstorm ). Belozersk people also adhere to such customs that on the eve of Yegorye they remove combs, brushes and scissors from sight and (in the Markov volost) they put a woolen belt, pliers and a hook, sometimes a neck cross or an ax and a knife at the gate, on the ground, and drive them out (like the Vologda residents ) cattle into the street, and then again they drive them into a row." "May 6... in many villages of the Russian-Belarusian borderland they still celebrate an ancient cattle-breeding holiday - the day of the first drive of cows to pasture... They get up earlier on this day usual, they pray for a long time in the front corner, reciting the texts of Sunday prayers. Then each family, having brought their cattle into the yard, walks around it three times counterclockwise - salting ("according to the sun - there is no other way"). During the round, they carry in their hands an icon, a burning candle, bread, salt, wheat grain, colored eggs, a frying pan with scrambled eggs, a knife, and a whip. They “sprinkle the cow” with salt or grain - throw handfuls over it on four sides, as if drawing a cross in the air; the eggs are also rolled in a cross under the cow; crosses are cut out on the ground with a knife on four sides - “we bless with the cross, the bread and the egg.” During the round, they pronounce “speaking poems” - spells addressed to Saint Yegory or evil spirits (witch, sorcerer, brownie, goblin), to the cows themselves or to the “wild beast”. After performing the yard rituals, all livestock are herded into a common herd on Yegoryevskoe a field where many generations of peasants celebrated the First Pasture. There they walk around the herd three times, singing, and then, spreading a tablecloth on the ground, they have a common snack. Returning home from the field, they always dance - trample on the dew, dance: “let’s jump, gallop on the field so that the cows and bulls can dance like that” and “so that good grass will grow quickly.” , that is, on St. George’s Day they try as early as possible, before sunrise, when the dew has not yet dried, to drive the cattle out of the yard, especially the cows, so that they do not get sick and give more milk.” There is also an opposite opinion. Thus, “there is a secret legend between healers and witches that the early dew of Yuryev can be extremely harmful to animals. For this very purpose, they go out into the field to collect dew. The collection of dew is done by soaking canvas in the morning dew. According to their signs, Yuryev dew dries cattle, "It takes away the milk from the cows and blinds the calves. One has only to cover the cattle with this canvas, and then all the troubles will pour on them like a river. The only thing that can not harm the cattle is if the villagers drive it out on St. George's Day with willow." In some places in Russia, even at the beginning of our centuries, “traces of the veneration of Yegor as the patron of the fields and fruits of the earth have been preserved. The confidence is strong that Yegor was given the keys to heaven, and he unlocks it, giving strength to the sun and freedom to the stars. Many still order masses and prayer services to the Saint, asking for his blessing fields and vegetable gardens." So, “in the Tula province they go out into the sown fields to serve prayer services with the blessing of water, sprinkle the fields with Holy water. After this, men and women ride through the fields, hoping to be strong and healthy, like St. George’s dew.” In addition to the beliefs telling about St. George As the patron of livestock and fields, Yegor the Brave in Russian folk tradition is also known as the owner of all forest animals, especially wolves. According to legend, St. Yegoriy struck with a spear “a wolf who ran out to meet him and grabbed his white horse’s leg with his teeth. The wounded wolf spoke in a human voice: “Why are you beating me, if I want to eat?” - “If you want to eat, ask I have. Take that horse there; it will be enough for you for two days." This legend strengthens the belief among the people that any cattle slaughtered by a wolf or crushed and carried away by a bear is doomed by him as a sacrifice, by Yegor - the led chief and ruler of all forest animals. This same legend testifies that Yegor can speak with animals in human language, that if he dooms a cow, sheep or horse to be eaten, he will always make sure that a person does not see it, and the doomed one itself goes to meet the enemy and defenselessly stops in front of him, as if in tetanus. "In Oryol province. “they believe that the candles placed in the church for the image of Yegoryev save from wolves; whoever forgot to put it on, Yegory will take the cattle from him “for the wolf’s teeth.” The plot of the legend given below is dedicated to St. Yegory, the patron saint of wolves.” Once a man was driving forest. It was during the day, in the summer; only suddenly he sees: a wolf rushed at the sheep. The sheep got scared and rushed under the cart; The wolf got scared and ran away. The man took the sheep and took it with him; I drove about five yards from that place, and I couldn’t see anything - it was a dark night. He was amazed. He drove and drove and he doesn’t know where, suddenly he sees a light. “Oh,” he thinks, “it’s obvious the herd drivers; at least I’ll ask them where to go.” He drives up and sees that the fire has been lit, and there are wolves sitting around and Yegor the Brave himself is with them; and one wolf sits on the side and clicks his teeth. The man says that mod is like this, he’s lost, I don’t know where to find the way. Yegory says to him: “Why,” he says, “took away the sheep from the wolf?” “Yes,” says the man, “she rushed to me; I felt sorry for her.” - “But what are the wolves going to feed on? You see, these ones lie there, well-fed, and this one is hungry, clicking his teeth. I feed them; everyone is happy, only one complains. Throw him a sheep, then I’ll show him the way. After all, this sheep was for the wolf doomed, so why did you take it away?" The man took the sheep and threw it to the wolves. As soon as he gave up, the day became clear again and he found his way home." In a number of folk legends, Yegory the Brave himself turns into a wolf." Yegory's day is also a shepherd's holiday, when the guardians of the herds make a firm promise not to cut their hair during the entire grazing season. to distract wolves from the herd." In the Kaluga region, even today, on the day of the first cattle pasture, "they give the shepherd a takeaway - bread, salt, lard, a ruble of money, eggs." "On Yurya, horses are fed with crosses baked at Epiphany. On Yurya, there is dew - and the horses do not need oats. On Yurya, rain - the cattle have an easy year. On Yurya, snow (groats) - a harvest for buckwheat; on Yurya, rain - buckwheat is born. On Yurya, a shepherd They water them so that they don’t doze off all summer. Drive the herd into the field and call out to Yegorya: “You are our brave Yegorya, save our cattle!” Yuriev’s dew from the evil eye, from the seven ailments.” [In some places in Russia] “they plow up the arable land on Yegorya .Near Yegorye. spring (woolen) they don’t work so that the wolf doesn’t eat the sheep. On Yurya, St. Yegory rides through the forests on a white horse and gives orders to the animals. All the animals (All living creatures) are at Yegorye’s fingertips. The cuckoo to Yegorye [cues ] - to crop failure, loss of livestock." Observant villagers say: "Egory - with heat, and Nikola - with food [i.e. that is, there will be enough hay]. - Sow the seedlings to Yegorye, there will be plenty of cabbage soup. - If there is frost on Yegoryev’s day, then there are oats under the bush. - If on Yegoryev’s day a leaf is in the cupboard, on Ilya’s day put the bread in the cupboard. - If frost came to Yegori, otherwise there would be millet and oats. - If spring Yegory is with food, then autumn Nikola will be with a bridge [i.e. That is, by December 19, the roads will freeze and it will be possible to ride a sleigh]. Sign:
Feast of St. Egor (name options - George, Yuri) - May 6. According to legend, St. George pierced a green dragon (serpent) with a spear - “an image that has come into use since ancient times as the coat of arms of the Moscow kingdom.” St. George was considered the patron saint of livestock everywhere in Russia - it was he who was asked to protect the herd during grazing, he was asked for healing in case of animal illness, etc. “Sometimes in warmer places (Yegoryev Day - May 6). .. coincides with the “pasture” of cattle in the field, but in harsh forest provinces this is only a “circulation of the cattle”... The ritual of the “circulation” is performed in the same way and consists mainly in the fact that the owners walk around with the image of St. Victorious-George all the livestock, gathered in a heap in their yard, and then driven into a common herd, gathered at the chapels, where a water-blessing prayer service is served, after which the entire herd is sprinkled with holy water and driven out of the outskirts, no matter what the weather was that day... In the old Novgorod region (in Cherepovets, Borovicheskiy and other districts), where sometimes cattle graze without shepherds, the owners themselves “go around” in compliance with ancient customs. Early in the morning the owner prepares a pie for his cattle with a whole egg baked in it. Even before sunrise he puts the cake in a sieve, takes the icon, lights a wax candle, girds himself with a sash, sticking a willow behind it in front and an ax behind it. In this outfit, in his yard, the owner walks around the cattle in the sun three times, and the hostess (in Ulom) lights incense from a pot of hot coals and makes sure that the doors are all locked this time. The pie is broken into as many pieces as there are heads of cattle on the farm, and each is given a piece, and the willow, judging by the accepted custom of that area, is either thrown onto the water of the river to float away, or stuck under the eaves* (the willow saves from lightning during a thunderstorm ). Belozersk people also adhere to such customs that on the eve of Yegorye they remove combs, brushes and scissors from sight and (in the Markov volost) they put a woolen belt, pliers and a hook, sometimes a neck cross or an ax and a knife at the gate, on the ground, and drive them out (like the Vologda residents ) cattle into the street, and then again they are driven into a row." "May 6... in many villages of the Russian-Belarusian borderland they still celebrate an ancient cattle-breeding holiday - the day of the first drive of cows to pasture... They get up earlier on this day usual, they pray for a long time in the front corner, reciting the texts of Sunday prayers. Then each family, having brought their cattle into the yard, walks around it three times counterclockwise - salting ("according to the sun - there is no other way"). During the round, they carry in their hands an icon, a burning candle, bread, salt, wheat grain, colored eggs, a frying pan with scrambled eggs, a knife, and a whip. They “sprinkle the cow” with salt or grain - throw handfuls over it on four sides, as if drawing a cross in the air; the eggs are also rolled in a cross under the cow; crosses are cut out on the ground with a knife on four sides - “we bless with the cross, the bread and the egg.” During the round, they pronounce “speaking rhymes” - spells addressed to Saint Yegory or evil spirits (witch, sorcerer, brownie, goblin), to the cows themselves or to the “wild beast”. After performing yard rituals, all livestock are herded into a common herd on the Yegoryevskoe field, where many generations of peasants celebrated the First Pasture. There they walk around the herd three times, singing, and then, spreading a tablecloth on the ground, they have a common snack. Returning home from the field, they are sure to dance - trample the dew, dance: “let’s jump, gallop onto the field so that the cows and bulls can dance like that” and “so that good grass will grow faster.” “In the remote black earth zone (Oryol province) they believe in Yuryev’s dew, that is, they try on Yuryev’s day as early as possible, before sunrise, when the dew has not yet dried, to drive the cattle out of the yard, especially cows, so that they do not get sick and more gave milk." There is also an opposite opinion. Thus, “there is a secret legend between healers and witches that the early dew of Yuryev can be extremely harmful to animals. For this very purpose, they go out into the field to collect dew. The collection of dew is done by soaking canvas in the morning dew. According to their signs, Yuryev dew dries cattle, "It takes away the milk from the cows and blinds the calves. One has only to cover the cattle with this canvas, and then all the troubles will pour on them like a river. The only thing that can not harm the cattle is if the villagers drive them out with willow on St. George's Day." In some places in Russia, even at the beginning of this century, traces of the veneration of Yegor as the patron of the fields and fruits of the earth were preserved. There is a strong belief that Yegor was given the keys to the sky, and he unlocks it, giving strength to the sun and will to the stars. Many still order masses and prayers to the Saint, asking him to bless the fields and vegetable gardens.” Thus, “in the Tula province they go out into the sown fields to serve prayers with the blessing of water, sprinkle the fields with Holy water. After this, men and women ride through the fields, hoping to be strong and healthy, like St. George’s dew.” In addition to beliefs about St. George as the patron of livestock and fields, Yegor the Brave in Russian folk tradition is also known as the owner of all forest animals, especially wolves. According to legend, St. Yegoriy struck with a spear “a wolf who ran out to meet him and grabbed his white horse’s leg with his teeth. The wounded wolf spoke in a human voice: “Why are you beating me, if I want to eat?” - “If you want to eat, ask I have. Take that horse there; it will be enough for you for two days." This legend strengthens the belief among the people that any cattle slaughtered by a wolf or crushed and carried away by a bear is doomed by him as a sacrifice, by Yegor - the led chief and ruler of all forest animals. This same legend testifies that Yegor can speak with animals in human language, that if he dooms a cow, sheep or horse to be eaten, he will always make sure that a person does not see it, and the doomed one goes towards the enemy and stops defenselessly in front of him, as if in tetanus.” In Oryol province. “they believe that candles placed in the church for the image of Yegoryev save from wolves; whoever forgot to put it on, Yegory will take the cattle from him “for the wolf’s teeth.” The plot of the legend given below is dedicated to St. Yegory, the patron saint of wolves. “Once a man was traveling forest. It was during the day, in the summer; only suddenly he sees: a wolf rushed at the sheep. The sheep got scared and rushed under the cart; The wolf got scared and ran away. The man took the sheep and took it with him; I drove about five yards from that place, and I couldn’t see anything - it was a dark night. He was amazed. He drove and drove and he doesn’t know where, suddenly he sees a light. “Oh,” he thinks, “it’s obvious the herd drivers; at least I’ll ask them where to go.” He drives up and sees that the fire has been lit, and there are wolves sitting around and Yegor the Brave himself is with them; and one wolf sits on the side and clicks his teeth. The man says that mod is like this, he’s lost, I don’t know where to find the way. Yegory says to him: “Why,” he says, “took away the sheep from the wolf?” “Yes,” says the man, “she rushed to me; I felt sorry for her.” - “But what are the wolves going to feed on? You see, these ones lie there, well-fed, and this one is hungry, clicking his teeth. I feed them; everyone is happy, only one complains. Throw him a sheep, then I’ll show him the way. After all, this sheep was for the wolf doomed, so why did you take it away?" The man took the sheep and threw it to the wolves. As soon as he left, the day became clear again and he found his way home" (II). In a number of folk legends, Yegory the Brave himself turns into a wolf. "Egory's day is also a shepherd's holiday, when the guardians of the herds make a firm promise not to cut their hair during the entire grazing season. on their heads to distract the wolves from the herd." In the Kaluga region, even today, on the day of the first cattle pasture, "they give the shepherd a takeaway - bread, salt, lard, a ruble of money, eggs." "On Yurya, horses are fed with crosses baked at Epiphany. On Yurya, there is dew - and the horses don't need oats. On Yurya, rain - the cattle have an easy year. On Yurya, snow (groats) - a harvest for buckwheat; on Yurya, rain - buckwheat is born. On Yurya, a shepherd They water it so that it doesn’t doze off all summer. Drive the herd into the field and call out to Yegor: “You are our brave Yegor, save our cattle!” Yuriev’s dew from the evil eye, from seven ailments.” (In some places in Russia) "in Yegorya they plow arable land. Under Yegorya. spring (wool) they do not work so that the wolf does not eat the sheep. In Yurya, St. Yegory rides through the forests on a white horse and gives orders to the animals. All animals (All living creatures ) at Yegorye's hand. The cuckoo to Yegorye (cuckoos) - to a crop failure, loss of livestock." “Observant villagers say: “Egory - with warmth, and Nikola (December 19) - with food (that is, there will be enough hay). - Sow the seedlings to Yegorye, there will be plenty of cabbage soup. - If there is frost on Yegoryev’s day, then there are oats under the bush. - If on Yegoryev's day the leaf is in the cupboard, on Ilya's day (August 2) put the bread in the cupboard. - If frost came to Yegori, otherwise there would be millet and oats. - If the spring Egory is with food, then the autumn Nikola will be with a bridge (that is, by December 19 the roads will freeze and it will be possible to ride a sleigh). “It is not advisable to swear on Yegoryev’s day because of the belief that he will be killed by thunder.”