Taxation in real estate is primarily Personal income tax(personal income tax). Sold an apartment - pay tax. Everything seems simple, but there are nuances. We'll figure out. First let's discuss terminology. Next, let's talk about tax rates and tax exemptions. Let's finish with tax deductions and the tax base. Go!
Let's start with terms so as not to be intimidated by unfamiliar words. If you know everything, move on to the next section.
- Taxpayers. Tax residents of the Russian Federation and non-residents receiving income from sources in Russia.
NB! There is no concept of citizenship in the tax code. The state does not care which country the taxpayer is from. It matters whether he is a resident or not.
- Resident of the Russian Federation. Have you been in Russia for at least 183 days in the last 12 calendar months? Congratulations! You are a resident of the Russian Federation!
- Taxable period. In Russia - one calendar year.
- The tax base. Income from the sale of real estate, which is subject to tax.
- Tax rate. The percentage of income that goes to tax.
- Property tax deductions. Benefits for real estate transactions.
Personal income tax rate
The tax rate depends on whether you are a resident or not. For non-residents the rate is higher. Residents of the Russian Federation pay 13% of income, non-residents - 30%. Non-residents are not yet entitled to property tax deductions. And they are NEVER exempt from taxes.
Conclusion: when selling real estate It is beneficial to be a resident. It’s better to wait, enjoy life in Russia and sell the apartment after 183 days with less losses. Or maybe without them at all. More on this in the next section.
What transactions are not taxed in 2018?
It happens that residents of the Russian Federation are exempt from personal income tax. You don't need to do anything complicated for this. Simply OWNING real estate is enough.
Previously, personal income tax was not paid after 3 years of ownership: they received ownership of the apartment and sold it without tax after 3 years. In January 2016, the minimum holding period was increased up to 5 years. But in some cases the 3-year period was retained. Below we list when the tax is released after 5 years after registration of property, and when after 3.
NB! Ownership begins with registration of ownership in the Unified State Register of Real Estate! Not with the signing of the DDU, share agreement, etc. WITH REGISTRATION in the Unified State Register of Real Estate! 
Property tax deductions
Residents pay 13% of the tax base. We will tell you how to calculate the base and tax in the next section. In the meantime, let's list the tax deductions. There are three of them.
- Tax deduction on sale. Minus 1,000,000 rubles from the sale price. Can be used once a year. If you sell property in common ownership, the deduction is distributed in proportion to the share. If joint, by agreement between the owners.
- Accounting for expenses. Minus the amount for which the apartment was bought. To confirm expenses, you need a purchase and sale agreement with a specified amount.
- Tax deduction upon purchase. Minus 260,000 rubles from the price of a new apartment . Valid if you sell an apartment and buy a new one in the same tax period. You can use it once in your life. If a new apartment costs less than 2 million rubles, the deduction will be 13% of its price. If greater than or equal to - 260,000 rubles.
NB! A declaration must be filed for tax deductions and expense credits. They are not produced automatically. Deductions cannot be used together!
The tax base
Until 2016, the tax base was calculated using the formula:
The tax base = Sales value - Tax deduction / Amount of expenses
If you bought an apartment before 01/01/2016, calculate the tax base for it.
After January 1, 2016 the base began to depend on the cadastral value of the apartment. The cadastral value is taken as of January 1 of the year in which the apartment was sold. If the sale price is more than 70% of the cadastral value, the formula for the tax base remains the same. If less than 70%, the formula is:
The tax base = 70% of the cadastral value - Tax deduction / Amount of expenses
A couple of examples for clarity.
Sales value is more than 70% of the cadastral value
2020 You are selling an apartment for 10,000,000 rubles. Bought in 2017 for 8,000,000 rubles. You have owned the property for less than 5 years. You have to pay tax. The cadastral value of the apartment in 2020 is 8,500,000 rubles. 70% of 8,500,000 = 5,950,000. The sales value is more than 70% of the cadastral value (10,000,000 > 5,950,000). We calculate the base using the old formula.
The tax base= 10,000,000 - 1,000,000 = 9,000,000 rubles
Personal income tax= 9,000,000 * 13% = 1,170,000 rubles
The tax base= 10,000,000 - 8,000,000 = 2,000,000 rubles
Personal income tax= 2,000,000 * 13% = 260,000 rubles
NB! If you sell the apartment for the same 8,000,000 rubles and take into account expenses, you WILL NOT HAVE TO PAY TAX. You won't earn anything. No income - no tax.
Sales value is less than 70% of the cadastral value
Example 1. It's 2020. You are selling an apartment for 10,000,000 rubles. Bought profitably in 2017 for 9,000,000 rubles. You have owned the property for less than 5 years. You have to pay tax. The cadastral value of the apartment in 2020 is 14,500,000 rubles. 70% of 14,500,000 = 10,150,000. Sales value is less than 70% of the cadastral value (10,000,000< 10 150 000). Считаем базу по новой формуле.
- You take advantage of tax deductions when selling
The tax base
Personal income tax - You use expense deduction
The tax base= 10,150,000 - 9,000,000 = 1,150,000 rubles
Personal income tax= 2,000,000 * 13% = 149,500 rubles
Example 2. It's 2020. You are selling an apartment for 10,000,000 rubles. We inherited an apartment in 2018. You have owned the property for less than 3 years. You have to pay tax. The cadastral value of the apartment in 2020 is 14,500,000 rubles. 70% of 14,500,000 = 10,150,000. Sales value is less than 70% of the cadastral value (10,000,000< 10 150 000). Считаем базу по новой формуле.
- You take advantage of tax deductions when selling
The tax base= 10,150,000 - 1,000,000 = 9,150,000 rubles
Personal income tax= 9,000,000 * 13% = 1,189,500 rubles - You do NOT use a tax deduction
The tax base= 10,150,000 - 0 = 10,150,000 rubles
Personal income tax= 10,150,000 * 13% = 1,319,500 rubles
Typically, it is beneficial to use a tax deduction if the property was inherited. In other cases, it is better to offset expenses.
Let's summarize
- Residents pay less - 13% instead of 30%
- To avoid paying tax, sell the apartment 5 years after purchase (sometimes after 3 years)
- From 01/01/2016 the tax base depends on the cadastral value of the apartment
- To keep your tax base lower, apply for tax deductions or expense credits
For real estate objects acquired into ownership after 01/01/2016:
Income received by a taxpayer from the sale of real estate is exempt from taxation (and declaration) provided that such an object was owned by the taxpayer for a minimum period of ownership of the real estate or more.
The minimum period of ownership of a real estate property is 3 years for real estate objects in respect of which at least one of the following conditions is met:
- ownership of the object was received by the taxpayer by inheritance or under a gift agreement from an individual recognized as a family member and (or) close relative of this taxpayer in accordance with the Family Code of the Russian Federation;
- ownership of the object was acquired by the taxpayer as a result of privatization;
- ownership of the object was obtained by the taxpayer - the rent payer as a result of the transfer of property under a lifelong maintenance agreement with dependents.
In other cases, the minimum period of ownership of real estate is 5 years.
If the income from the sale of a real estate property is significantly lower than its real value (lower than 70% of the cadastral value of this property as of January 1 of the year of sale), then for tax purposes such income of the taxpayer is taken equal to the cadastral value of this property, multiplied by a coefficient of 0 ,7.
For real estate acquired before 01/01/2016, as well as for other property (garage, car, etc.) - the minimum tenure remains the same - 3 years.
Instead of applying a property deduction, the taxpayer has the right to reduce the amount of income received from the sale of property by actually incurred and documented expenses directly related to the acquisition of this property. In certain situations, this may be more profitable than using a property deduction.
Calculation of property deduction
1,000,000 rubles– the maximum amount of tax deduction by which income received from the sale of residential houses, apartments, rooms, cottages, garden houses, land plots, as well as shares in the specified property can be reduced;
250,000 rubles– the maximum amount of tax deduction by which income received from the sale of other property, the list of which includes cars, non-residential premises, garages and other items, can be reduced.
If property that was in shared or joint ownership for less than the minimum maximum period of ownership was sold as a single object of ownership under one sale and purchase agreement, a property tax deduction in the amount 1,000,000 rubles distributed among the co-owners of this property in proportion to their share, or by agreement between them (in the case of the sale of property that was in common joint ownership).
If each owner of a share in the ownership of property sold his share, which was in his property under a separate purchase and sale agreement, then he has the right to receive a property tax deduction also in the amount 1,000,000 rubles.
If the taxpayer sold several pieces of property in one year, the specified limits are applied in the aggregate for all sold objects, and not for each object separately.
If the amounts received from the sale of property do not exceed the specified limits, then the obligation to submit a declaration remains, and the obligation to pay tax does not arise.
Calculation example
In 2017 Kotov S.A. sold the apartment for 3,000,000 rubles, which he bought in 2015 for 2,500,000 rubles.Since the apartment was owned by Kotov S.A. less than the minimum ownership period, in relation to the income received from its sale, he is required to submit a personal income tax return for 2017.
When declaring a property tax deduction in such a declaration, the taxable income of Kotov S.A. will be 2 million rubles, and
Personal income tax = (RUB 3,000,000 - RUB 1,000,000) x 13% = RUB 260,000
If Kotov S.A. declares in the declaration not a property deduction, but a deduction in the amount of documented expenses, his taxable income will be 500,000 rubles, and personal income tax will be 65,000 rubles:
Personal income tax = (3,000,000 rubles – 2,500,000 rubles) x 13% = 65,000 rubles.
If each owner of a share in the ownership of property sold his share, which was in his property under a separate purchase and sale agreement, then he has the right to receive a property tax deduction in the amount of 1,000,000 rubles.
Calculation example
Income of Ivanov N.V. from the sale in 2017 of an apartment purchased in 2016 amounted to RUB 2,100,000.The cadastral value of the apartment as of January 1 of the current year, in which state registration of the transfer of ownership of this apartment was carried out, amounted to 3,300,000 rubles. There are no documented expenses for purchasing an apartment.
The tax base for personal income tax in this case is determined with a reduction factor applied to the cadastral value of the apartment equal to 0.7.
Cadastral value of the apartment taking into account the reduction factor:
RUB 3,300,000 x 0.7 = 2,310,000 rub.
Since the income of Ivanov N.V. from the sale of an apartment is less than the cadastral value of the apartment, taking into account the reduction factor of 0.7, for tax purposes the tax base will be: RUB 2,310,000.
Personal income tax will be calculated by the taxpayer as follows:
RUB 2,310,000 x 13% = 300,300 rub.
If property that was in shared ownership for less than the minimum period of ownership was sold as a single object of ownership under one sale and purchase agreement, a property tax deduction in the amount of 1,000,000 rubles is distributed among the co-owners of this property in proportion to their share.
In all other cases of acquisition of property, its alienation is exempt from tax, provided that the period of ownership of the property is at least 5 years.
If a sale is made before the above deadlines, the seller will be forced to pay tax on the income received, which arises from the moment the money is received from the buyer.
How to calculate it? According to the law, 70 percent of the cadastral value of the apartment is taken as the tax base. In this case, the cadastral value itself is determined as of January 1 of the year in which the buyer registered the property for himself.
This principle applies to real estate received by the seller after January 1, 2016. If the rights to the apartment were acquired earlier, the tax is calculated from the sale price. The same applies to situations where the cadastral value of the property has not yet been determined.
But let's return to the cadastral value. Let’s say the contract was signed in 2016, and the buyer contacted the Rosreestr branch at the beginning of 2017. Then the cadastral value of the apartment is determined exactly as of January 1, 2017.
The easiest way to find out the cadastral value is on the Rosreestr website. To do this, in separate fields you need to indicate the requested date, as well as the address of the apartment of interest.
You need to calculate the tax yourself. Data on the amount of real estate sold should be entered into the annual income tax return (3-NDFL). It is submitted before April 30 of the year following the one in which the transaction was made. The payment itself must be made before July 15. Otherwise, the person may face a fine of up to 20% of the tax amount.
Exchange between properties
In this transaction, each party is, from a legal point of view, the seller of their property. Consequently, both parties to the exchange agreement calculate their income tax according to the above rules.
Inheritance and deed of gift
Let's start with giving. Receiving real estate as a gift is not subject to tax under one condition: if the property was acquired on the basis of a deed of gift issued by one’s immediate relatives. Her circle includes:
- spouse, parents, children;
- adoptive parents and their adopted persons;
- grandchildren, grandparents;
- sisters and brothers, including step-brothers.
An apartment (house) received as a gift from other persons requires payment of income tax on a general basis. We have already described the mechanism above.
Naturally, the author of the gift does not pay any taxes, since there is no income for him.
When there is a case with inheritance, then everything is much simpler. Real estate acquired in this way is not subject to tax. It does not matter whether the inheritance was formalized by law or by will. Also, the order of legal heirs, if any, is not taken into account.
Is it possible to reduce tax
In the case of the sale of an apartment or other real estate, the tax deduction rule applies. This means that the tax base can be reduced by a certain amount.
So, if we are talking about residential premises, then this is one million rubles. Accordingly, if the initial figure for taxation is less than this value, then no tax needs to be paid. When, say, as a result of calculations, the tax initially had to be paid on 3 million rubles, then using a tax deduction you can pay the tax on only two.
In the case of non-residential real estate, including garages, the tax deduction amount is 250 thousand rubles.
There is another option to reduce your income tax. It is allowed to take the difference between the income from the sale of real estate and the costs of its purchase as the basis for its payment. It is important to document the costs incurred.
In any case, it is important to correctly reflect all figures related to the tax deduction in the tax return. And consulting a lawyer can help you do this. Moreover, the deadline for filing reports for 2017 is just around the corner.
Lawyers on the topic Tax in 2018 when concluding real estate transactions
What taxes are paid when purchasing, inheriting and donating housing.
Income tax
When making a purchase and sale transaction, only the seller pays income tax; the buyer is in no way subject to taxation. The seller pays a tax of 13% according to the general rules provided for by the Tax Code of the Russian Federation on an amount exceeding 1 million rubles, regardless of the number of owners of the apartment. This rule applies if the apartment has been owned for less than five years. And if it is five years or more, then the seller is completely exempt from taxation on the transaction. But it is important to pay attention to a seemingly obvious thing that is sometimes left unattended: if you have lived in an apartment for 20 years, but privatized it a year ago, then you have owned it for only one year.
Another important point. An apartment can be sold by one person, or by 10 co-owners at once. If its value is more than 1 million rubles, then income tax in the amount of 13% must be paid on the excess amount in proportion to the number of owners. That is, if the apartment being sold has 10 owners, the excess amount will be divided by 10 and each owner will pay income tax with one tenth.
When purchasing housing both on the primary and secondary markets, you can take advantage of tax benefits. If a consumer bought a residential house or apartment for the amount of 1 million rubles, he can reduce the amount of his taxable income by the amount used to purchase this real estate. For example, your salary at your place of work is 60,000 rubles, you pay 13% income tax on it. You bought an apartment and submitted an application to the tax office that you want to take advantage of the benefit.
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Then from this moment the salary will not be subject to income tax until the entire amount of salaries paid to you reaches 1 million rubles. The real savings will be 13% - 130,000 rubles. This is the maximum possible amount that can be saved. It can be greater only if a mortgage loan was obtained for the purchase of an apartment or residential building and interest was paid on it. Then taxable income will also be reduced by the amount of interest actually paid on the loan.
If the purchase amount is less than 1 million rubles, then a tax deduction will be provided only for the actual purchase amount. If the purchase amount is more than 1 million rubles, then the benefit will be provided only in the amount of 1 million rubles. (subject to the above exception).
The purchase of an apartment on the primary market is carried out by concluding various agreements, in the vast majority of cases, even at the stage of building a house: an agreement for shared participation in construction, an investment agreement, an assignment agreement. After completion of construction, the concluded agreement will serve as the basis for registering ownership of the apartment. A tax deduction will be provided to you only when you present the tax office with a certificate of ownership of the apartment (residential building).
When purchasing an apartment both on the primary and secondary markets, in order to receive the benefit, you must also provide documents confirming payment for the purchased apartment (receipts for cash receipts, payment orders, receipts or acts of receipt of money, if the apartment was purchased from an individual, and etc.).
Received for free - pay tax
Individuals who acquire real estate by inheritance or under a gift agreement also become subject to taxation and are required to pay the state tax on property transferred by inheritance or gift.
Property tax rates depend on two factors. Firstly, on the degree of relationship between the donor and the recipient or the testator and the heir. Secondly, on the value of the property that is the object of inheritance or gift.
Inheritance issues very often become the subject of not only heated disputes, but also litigation between relatives. Therefore, to clarify, in order to avoid misunderstandings, let us turn to the Civil Code, which provides for the order and procedure of inheritance. The law absolutely clearly states who is the heir of the first stage, who is the second and who are the “other heirs”.
It should be noted that inheritance can be carried out both by law and by will.
According to the law on inheritance, heirs in equal shares are, first of all, children, including adopted children, the spouse and parents or adoptive parents of the deceased, as well as the child of the deceased born after his death. The heirs of the second stage are the brothers and sisters of the deceased, his grandparents on both the father's and mother's sides. “Other heirs” within the meaning of the law “On tax on property transferred by inheritance and gift” are persons who are not among the heirs of the first and second priority, as well as those involved in inheritance on the basis of the testator’s will. The cost of an apartment (house) for tax purposes is determined on the basis of a BTI certificate. There are situations when a person who is an heir of the first or second priority draws up an inheritance on the basis of a will, which was additionally drawn up, and receives from a notary a “certificate of the right to inheritance under a will.” In this case, the tax authority will consider such a person as “another heir” (in the terminology of the law in question) with payment of tax at the appropriate rates (see table), i.e. the degree of relationship in this case is not taken into account for tax purposes (see Letter of the Ministry of Taxes and Duties dated October 22, 2002 “On the tax on property transferred by inheritance”).
However, don't be alarmed by high property tax rates. There are cases when you do not have to pay tax. In accordance with the law, property that is transferred by inheritance to a surviving spouse or by gift from one spouse to another is exempt from taxation in accordance with the law. Secondly, residential buildings or apartments and savings in housing construction cooperatives, if the heirs (or recipients) lived in these houses or apartments together with the testator (donor) on the day the inheritance was opened or the gift agreement was executed. Confirmation of joint residence is registration at the place of residence at the same address, a court decision to establish the final fact. The tax authority may accept a certificate from the organization operating the house as proof of cohabitation.
Thirdly, the property of persons who died in defense of the USSR and the Russian Federation in connection with the performance of state or public duties or in connection with the performance of the duty of a citizen of the USSR and the Russian Federation to save human life, protect state property and law and order. Fourthly, residential buildings and vehicles transferred by inheritance to disabled people of groups I and II.
It should be noted that each owner bears the burden of maintaining the property he owns. By making transactions with apartments, you become participants in civil transactions, and you must pay taxes established by law. This is an absolutely normal civilized process. However, there is no need to pay extra taxes if the law provides the right not to pay them. To do this, when making a transaction, you need to evaluate all the pros and cons and choose the best option.
Tax on property transferred to individuals by inheritance
With the value of the property, according to the BTI assessment, from 85,000 rubles. up to 170,000 rub. From 170,100 rub. up to 255,000 rub. Over 255,000 rub.
Heirs of the first stage 5% of the value of the property exceeding the amount of 85,000 rubles. 4250 rub. + 10% of the value of the property exceeding the amount of 170,100 rubles. 12750 rub. + 15% of the value of the property exceeding the amount of RUB 255,000.
Heirs of the second stage 10% of the value of the property exceeding the amount of 85,000 rubles. 8500 rub. + 20% of the value of the property exceeding the amount of 170,100 rubles. RUB 25,500 + 30% of the value of the property exceeding the amount of RUB 255,000.
Other heirs 20% of the value of the property exceeding the amount of 85,000 rubles. 17,000 rub. + 30% of the value of the property exceeding the amount of 170,000 rubles. 42,500 rub. + 40% of the value of the property exceeding the amount of RUB 255,000.
Tax rates on property transferred to individuals as a gift
With the value of the property, according to the BTI estimate, from 8,000 rubles. up to 85,000 From 85,100 rub. up to 170,000 rub. From 170,100 rub. up to 255,000 rub. Over 255,000 rub.
Children, parents 3% of the value of property exceeding the amount of 8,000 rubles. RUB 2,310 + 7% of the value of property exceeding the amount of 85,000 rubles. 8260 rub. + 11% of the value of property exceeding the amount of 170,000 rubles. RUB 17,610 + 15% of the value of the property exceeding the amount of RUB 255,000.
For other individuals 10% of the value of property exceeding the amount of 8,000 rubles. 7700 rub. + 20% of the value of the property exceeding the amount of 85,000 rubles. RUB 24,700 + 30% of the value of the property exceeding the amount of 170,000 rubles. RUB 50,200 + 40% of the value of the property exceeding the amount of RUB 255,000.
Selling an apartment can be not only difficult, but also expensive. And if you can save on a realtor’s fee if you wish, then the former owner of the property cannot avoid some other mandatory expenses. The state may demand its share of the profits in the form of a tax on the sale of housing. In what cases do owners need to pay a duty to the treasury, and how can it be legally reduced?
Tax on the sale of real estate - when and how much to pay
Selling real estate is the most common way to quickly replenish your account with a tidy sum. It is not surprising that the treasury is vying for part of the newly acquired taxpayer income. According to Russian law, for a resident (a person who spends more than 183 days a year in the country) personal income tax is 13%, and for a non-resident - 30%. However, you don't always have to pay.
The state duty applies primarily to wealthy Russians who invest in real estate and make money on quick and profitable resale. Therefore, owners who have owned the property for more than three years are exempt from tax. Since 2010, they are not even required to indicate the fact of the transaction in their income statement. True, tax legislation will soon become more stringent and from 2016 the minimum period of ownership of property will increase to 5 years.
In order not to inadvertently break the law, it is important for the seller to understand from what moment he is officially considered the owner of the property. Tax authorities take into account not the day of the transaction, but the date that appears in the certificate of state registration of property rights. True, there may be some exceptions here.
For example, a new entry in Rosreestr may appear in the process of legalizing redevelopment or when transferring a share of real estate to a family member. But this will not in any way affect the main ownership period, which begins from the moment of privatization or. For a member of the housing cooperative, the countdown date will be the full payment of the share, and for the heir - the day of death of the previous owner of the apartment.
How to reduce tax - legal ways to save
If life circumstances or commercial calculations force you to pay taxes without waiting for a three-year period. But it is not at all necessary that this will be the entire amount required by law - the state gives citizens the opportunity to completely legally reduce the duty. To do this, it is necessary to reduce the tax base: the amount from which the percentage of contributions to the treasury is calculated. There are two main ways to do this:
- Confirm expenses for purchasing an object
When selling an investment apartment, the state only claims tax on profits, which is the difference between the purchase and sale costs of the property. But to do this, the owner will have to confirm the fact of purchasing the property and his initial expenses. This may be a purchase and sale agreement or a contract of sale.
- Get a tax deduction
You can legally reduce your profit in the eyes of the tax inspectorate with the help of a property deduction. The law established an amount of 1 million rubles by which a person has the right to reduce the official income from a transaction and, accordingly, the amount of the duty. This preference is given for a specific tax period: that is, it can be used only once a year. Therefore, it is more profitable to sell several real estate objects with a break so that they are included in different 3-NDFL declarations.
In addition, for law-abiding sellers there is another official way to avoid deductions to the treasury. Every citizen has the right once in his life to take advantage of a tax deduction when purchasing a home - to receive back from the state a 13% tax on part of the cost of a new apartment (2 million rubles) that was spent on purchasing the apartment. If immediately after the sale of an object a person buys another property, he can ask officials to make an offset: reduce the amount of tax by the amount that he should receive from the budget.
Expensive gift
Tax legislation is quite strict regarding property that a person gets “just like that.” The highest duty is imposed on square meters won in the lottery: 35% of the value of the “prize” will have to be returned to the treasury. A deed of gift for real estate is cheaper - 13% of the amount specified in the deed of gift.
At the same time, some citizens are tempted to artificially lower the cost of an apartment, but you should not get carried away with this. If the figures in the documents differ from the market value by more than 20%, this will arouse reasonable suspicions among the tax inspector and may result in problems with the law.
You can transfer square meters to each other for free only within a narrow family circle. Russians have the right to calmly receive housing as a gift from spouses, parents, children, grandparents and grandchildren, as well as brothers and sisters. More distant relatives will have to fork out more.
Duty on new buildings
Most investment apartments are purchased on the primary market. People buy in order to make money in a couple of years on the profitable resale of finished housing. Most of them do not wait for the house to be put into operation and sell their assets under an agreement on the assignment of property rights, which allows them to quickly make a profit and put money back into circulation.
At the same time, there is a common misconception among investors that in the event of a transfer, the seller is exempt from paying duties according to the principle: no object, no profit from the sale. However, according to the law, the tax base includes all income of a citizen. In this case, this will be the difference between the amount of purchase and sale of an apartment under construction, from which the state will take its 13%.
There are certain nuances in the situation with private “unfinished construction”. A residential building under construction that has been owned by the seller for less than three years is not subject to the 1 million ruble deduction established for apartments. From a legal point of view, this is “other property”, the profit from the sale of which can be officially reduced by only 250 thousand. Therefore, it is more profitable to sell a plot with an unfinished dacha as two objects, separately indicating the cost of each of them in the contract.
