When to plant garlic before winter and what and how, so as not to be late with the landing and the onset of frost did not destroy the culture? Let's talk about the timing and other subtleties of planting winter garlic.
Experienced gardeners know that the planting time for this crop should be chosen accurately.
Important! If you are late with planting in the fall, then the garlic will not have time to take root. Planting too early will produce shoots that will also die in a cold winter.
The wrong time to plant garlic in the fall will lead to the loss of part of the crop or to its complete death. In order for it not to freeze and give a rich harvest, there are some rules.
When to plant garlic before winter
The main rule is that garlic should be planted before the arrival of frosty days. The ideal time for planting is 15-20 days before frost. When the air temperature in the region stays around +5 degrees for 2 weeks, then the crop needs to be planted, as it will be cold soon.
Interesting! According to lunar calendar for central Russia, including the Moscow region, this time falls on the end of September - the beginning of October. In regions with a warm climate, the procedure for planting crops is scheduled for the month of November.
What kind of garlic can be planted
There are 2 types of garlic:
- winter;
- spring.
They have different characteristics and have many differences among themselves. Need to know what kind of garlic is planted before winter. This is a winter species, which has obvious differences in size, taste, ripening and storage time.
Winter
A distinctive feature of this species is the head, which consists of 4-12 fairly large teeth. They are covered with a pink film with purple streaks. The teeth are held by a strong rod.
The taste of winter garlic is sharp, even burning. This type is usually used for various preparations for the winter. Also, it is used for sowing. In its pure form, it is not left for storage in the winter season.
Spring
This species does not have a stem. Small cloves in the amount of up to 25 pieces are collected in a circle in several rows. It tastes much softer than winter. It can be stored throughout the winter until warm spring days.
Winter and spring garlic are also divided into the following groups:
- shooter;
- non-shooting.
arrowed
These types of garlic release an arrow during the ripening period. Air bulbs are formed on it, in which children are placed. They can be planted in the ground to produce single teeth, which can then be planted in the fall. Consider several arrow varieties of garlic.
Alekseevsky. A fruitful variety with a large head. Weight can reach up to 180 g. Some specimens reach up to 240 g. The scaly coating is gray. There are approximately 5 large teeth in the head. The plant itself looks impressive, it can grow up to 1.5 m in height (with an arrow). It is perfectly stored for a long time. The taste is intense. The variety is valued for its resistance to Fusarium.
Gulliver. This variety has a large head weighing about 120 g. The largest garlic can reach up to 250 g. The coating is gray, the taste is burning. There are about 12 cloves in one head. The mid-late variety Gulliver can be planted not only for the winter, but also in the spring.
Belorussian. The head of this variety of garlic weighs about 80 g. It contains up to 8 cloves. The finish is white with purple strokes. The variety belongs to early ripening.
Lyubasha. The ripening period of this culture is medium. The head of garlic is not small and weighs up to 120 g. It usually contains 7 cloves. Garlic has a spicy taste.
Nazus. Usually this variety is planted by gardeners living in cold regions. One head of garlic, which contains 5-6 cloves, weighs about 65 g. The vegetable is covered with red-white scales. Refers to the mid-season type.
Non-shooting
This group of plants does not develop an arrow.
Novosibirsk. The variety has small heads, weighing 22 g and about 6 cloves inside.
Cover color is light pink. The taste of garlic is not as sharp as its counterparts. The variety is mid-season, gives a good harvest.
Podmoskovny. Mid-season variety, which is endowed with a sharp taste. One bulb can weigh up to 60 g.
Inside there are 6-8 cloves. The color of the coating of the vegetable is gray with purple splashes.
After which crops to plant
Years of gardening experience has shown after which cultures on the site sow winter garlic on the site. The vegetable grows well in the area where its predecessors were:
- legumes,
- cucumbers,
- tomatoes,
- pumpkin,
- early cabbage,
- zucchini.
After these crops, the land is rich in organic fertilizers and minerals.
Do not plant a vegetable for the winter in the garden where it previously grew:
- potato.
The fact is that garlic is susceptible to such diseases (fusarium, nematode, etc.), so there is a risk of infection.
Important! On land that has recently been fertilized with manure, garlic cannot be planted for the winter.
Garlic will “leave” in the green with abundant tops, and the heads of garlic will be loose, which will make them vulnerable to various diseases.
Watch the video! Proper planting of garlic in the fall
How to plant
Choosing a place for winter garlic
For planting garlic in the fall, you should choose the most fertile land, which has normal or low acidity. It will be better if the site is located on the sunny side. The beds should be arranged in a north-south direction.
Soil preparation
The land must be prepared in advance. You can work from the end of August to mid-September. First, add fertilizer to the soil. To do this, prepare a mixture:
- humus - 10 kg,
- ash - 2 cups,
- chalk - 1 glass,
- potassium sulfate - 2 tbsp,
- superphosphate - 1 tbsp.
Important! This amount of fertilizer is applied per square meter. The fertilized area must be dug well to a depth of 20 cm.
We are preparing a garden
Before planting garlic, it is imperative to form a bed correctly. It should have the following parameters: width - up to 1 m, height - up to 25 cm.
Soil settling time
After the site has been dug up, it is necessary to give time for the shrinkage of the earth. If there is not enough rain at the beginning of autumn, then you can water the bed several times with water.
It's important to know, when to plant vegetable. A big mistake of gardeners is to rush when planting garlic without waiting for the soil to shrink. This negatively affects its development. Over time, the earth will still settle, and the planted cloves will be deeper in the ground than expected. In the spring, they will need more time to germinate.
We cultivate the soil
It is necessary to carry out another important procedure before planting winter garlic. In order to prevent infection of the culture, the area should be treated with a 1% solution of copper sulfate.
To prepare it, you need to take:
- 1 tbsp copper sulphate;
- to a bucket of water.
Using a watering can, water the entire bed for sowing with this solution. One bucket of liquid is enough for approximately 2 square meters of area. Immediately before planting a vegetable, scatter urea over the area (10-20 g per 1 sq.m). Then pour water over it.
How to prepare garlic for planting
Before landing work, you need to familiarize yourself with what kind of garlic can be planted in the autumn, as well as with the rules for preparing vegetables for planting.
- We disassemble the head into teeth. We carefully sort out all the cloves and select the largest, dry and healthy ones. Teeth of non-shooting varieties for planting should be selected only from the outer layer.
- Disinfection. Healthy cloves, which were selected for planting in the fall, are soaked for 24 hours in a solution of potassium permanganate (0.1%). You can also use a solution of copper sulfate (1%).
Single tooth planting
We create holes
After preparing the site, we plan places for the holes. For this purpose, you can use an ordinary stick, with which we make holes in the soil every 10 centimeters. We place the rows at a distance of 20-25 cm from one another.
Depending on how the garlic is planted, the depth of the holes can vary from 3 to 15 cm.
Deepen the garlic cloves
Place one healthy clove of garlic in each well. It is not recommended to press them into the ground, as this can cause late root formation. Dry soil should be watered with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. We fill the holes with rotted prepared compost.
We mulch the garden
As a mulch, the layer of which should be about 10 cm, you can use:
- dry leaves,
- needles,
- peat.
Advice! In warm areas, beds with planted garlic for the winter do not need to be mulched.
An alternative way to plant winter garlic
Gardeners use this method in rare cases, but it has its advantages.
- First, you need to fertilize the area where winter garlic will be planted.
In the last days of August, the following fertilizers are applied per sq.m:
- potassium sulfate - 2 tbsp;
- superphosphate - 1 tbsp;
- humus - 10 kg;
- wood ash - 2 cups;
- chalk - 1 glass.
Fertilizer is applied in dry form to the entire area.
- Now it is necessary to carry out high-quality cultivation of the soil. For faster shrinkage, it should be well watered. If it rains at this time, then watering is not needed.
- An important point of this method is the planting of oats, peas and white mustard along the beds for garlic. We place the rows of these crops 35-45 cm from the prepared beds.
- A couple of days before the procedure for planting a vegetable, top dressing is applied:
- 10-20 g of urea per 1 sq.m.;
- After that, the entire area is well watered.
- In early October, peas and oats will already grow over 20 cm in height. Now is the time to plant garlic in the beds located between the green shoots.
Although this method is not as popular among gardeners, it is quite effective. The foliage of the crops will collect snow in the area, so the garlic will be provided with a warm covering. With the advent of warm spring days, it will be provided with moisture.
Watch the video! Planting garlic before winter
To get a decent harvest of garlic, you do not need elite seeds or any complicated care rules.
It is enough to properly prepare the planting material and plant them in a sunny area in a timely manner, keeping in mind the seed shift.
Selection of planting material
Experienced gardeners pay special attention to the quality of planting material, because by planting something that does not fit the table, you can get a crop that you don’t even want to harvest.
This is due to the fact that the vegetative propagation method - the most common option for planting garlic - not only allows you to get a full crop in one season, but also leads to the rapid spread of diseases.
After all, the defeat of the uterine bulb is the presence of a pest on each tooth. In addition, small teeth are simply unable to turn into bulbs worthy of an exhibition in the time allotted for ripening.
For planting select large bulbs with tightly adjacent to each other, well-developed cloves. The bottom of the garlic head should be dry and clean, free from dark damp spots and mold.
Garlic cloves should be firm and not show any signs of yellowing or darkening. If at least one tooth is soft or empty to the touch, the head is discarded, since the rest are also infected, despite the absence of signs.
Garlic is disassembled into teeth immediately before planting or a maximum of a day before it, doing this with extreme caution so as not to damage the protective scales.
For seeds, large slices are selected from the outer row of the head. Small teeth of the inner layers are used only in conditions of acute shortage of planting material, since they develop worse and their yield is an order of magnitude lower.
Planting dates for garlic
Most gardeners plant winter garlic closer to stable cold weather, which is fundamentally wrong and is applicable only in regions with frosty dry winters.
With this option, garlic does not have time to develop a strong root system before the onset of stable cold weather and continues to build it up in the spring. As a result, the crop ripens too early and consists mainly of small bulbs.
Where the climate pleases with relatively mild winters, the absence of prolonged bitter frosts and heavy snowfalls, beds of winter varieties must be formed starting from the second decade of September.
Subject to the deadlines, garlic has time to develop strong roots and foliage, but does not have time to form a head.
After hibernation, with the onset of the first warm days, it wakes up and continues to grow along with daylight hours. It ripens almost a month later than its counterparts planted under frost, having managed to grow a bulb with a large number of large teeth.
Ardent garlic is usually planted in early spring, even before the arrival of steady heat.
If January or February pleased with a prolonged thaw, and the soil has melted to a state suitable for planting, do not waste time and start your gardening season in the winter. Subsequent frosts will only benefit the ardent varieties.
And having started to grow with a still fairly short day, it will form a fairly large bulb with a large number of covering scales. The vegetation period with early planting is significantly reduced, and the crop is stored much better than late planted heads.
We form beds
Regardless of the variety, garlic loves sunny areas with light, moderately moist soil. The soil for planting is prepared in advance: loosened and fertilized.
Organic fertilizers, such as rotted manure, are most preferable. In preparation, the beds are watered and mulched with sand.
Immediately before planting, prophylactic treatment of the teeth is carried out: they are soaked for 10-15 minutes in a pale pink solution of potassium permanganate. Then the teeth are planted to a depth of 7-10 cm, avoiding indentation into the ground.
There should be about 10 cm between adjacent plants in a row, and at least 40 between rows. When growing “on the table”, you can save space by reducing the distance between the teeth to 5-7 cm.
You should not plant garlic in the place where potatoes, tomatoes, carrots, beets, onions or garlic grew last year. Cucumbers, zucchini, cabbage and peppers are considered good predecessors.
Winter varieties are prone to degeneration, so planting material is changed every three to four years. For a change, air onions are ideal - bulbs, which are formed on garlic arrows.
To increase the size of the heads in winter varieties, it is customary to cut the arrows. Just cut off, at the level of the upper leaves, but in no case pull out.
Photo ideas on how to plant garlic
Among the owners of small plots planting garlic for consumption, winter garlic has gained great popularity. It has a higher yield, such vegetables grow faster. However, spring varieties are highly respected by large farms.
Winter garlic has arrows where air bulbous teeth grow. In their presence, the bulb becomes smaller in size, as the arrows take the lion's share of soil substances. Removing arrows in the garden is not difficult. But on the field, this will require large human resources. The cost of goods from this is rapidly increasing. Spring varieties of garlic do not have arrows.
When and how to plant garlic before winter in autumn 2018
So, if you are a resident of the northern regions of our country, then planting winter garlic should begin in September. At the same time, it is better if you do this on the waning Moon on the Days of the Root, that is, the Moon must pass through the fertile signs of the Zodiac - Taurus, Virgo, Capricorn.
Please note that landing during the full moon and the new moon period is not recommended.
But most of the inhabitants of Russia still plant garlic before winter in October. The lunar calendar recommends the following favorable dates: October 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 25, 26, 29, 30 October.
You should not work with this culture on the new moon - October 8, 9, 10 (the new moons in September and October coincided) and on the full moon - October 24.
Soil preparation
Garlic is a light-loving crop, the land favorable for it is light, loose, with a normal pH level.
Heavy, clayey, dense earth must be brought back to normal. To do this, during digging, sand and peat are introduced into it (one bucket per square meter).
Humus or pre-dried clay can be added to excessively loose soil. Then it is mixed with sand (in a bucket) and poured onto the landing site.
Peat soils are most often acidic, therefore, in order to reduce the acidity of the soil, lime (250 g), river sand, and clay are added per square meter (mix in a bucket). The components are introduced immediately before digging the beds for garlic.
Planting depth is also important!
Planting depth is also important for successful wintering. The cloves are recommended to be lowered to a depth of 10-12 cm (source: the book "Onion and Garlic in the Garden").
In another source, the depth of planting says this: the teeth are covered with earth to a depth of 5-6 cm (source: the book "Garden. Practical advice").
One of the Internet sources says that in the northern regions it is better to plant as deep as possible - by 10 cm, and in the southern regions - by 5 cm.
We hope the article really helped you figure out the timing of planting garlic in the fall. We will be glad if you share your own experience when planting garlic before winter. Write a comment on the article - your experience is important to everyone.
Landing methods
Spring garlic is propagated by teeth. Planting material is prepared in advance. For planting, the largest outer segments are selected, which are not damaged. The current GOST also characterizes the state of the scales (dry) and the bottom (solid).
To shorten the growing season, heads stored at room temperature are kept in the refrigerator for at least a month in the spring. A positive result is the germination of the lobules. To do this, they are placed in water for a couple of hours (you can use a weak solution of potassium permanganate or ash), and then put in a plastic bag and put in a dark place for several days.
Sprouted teeth are planted on the beds so that there is enough space for the development of the head: the distance in the row is up to 8 cm, between the rows is 25-30 cm. The depth of embedment also matters. It is better not to close up deeply (the top of the clove should be 2 cm below the soil level), otherwise the development of the plant will slow down.
How to care
In the initial period of growth, the culture needs constant soil moisture, especially when leaves grow and bulbs form. Yellowing leaves or their drying tips indicate a lack of moisture. After watering, the earth will definitely need to be loosened to ensure oxygen access to the roots of the plant.
As the underground part grows, it is necessary to reduce watering, and in August to completely abandon them in order to create conditions for the ripening of the bulb.
Garlic is a favorite spicy vegetable of many nations. Without it, it is impossible to imagine the taste of many dishes and pickles. Nutritionists advise consuming garlic daily, because in addition to the spicy taste, it has many beneficial properties and has bactericidal qualities. That is why the spicy vegetable is popular among gardeners who plant both spring and winter garlic on the beds. Its cultivation and care will not take much time, but in order for the harvest to be good and of high quality, you need to know: when to plant garlic in spring and autumn, how to plant garlic and how to care for it. We talked about all this in detail in our article.
Plants whose fruits grow and develop in the ground are recommended to be planted on the waning moon. During the “rest” of the Moon, the growth of the stems stops, and all the juices and strength go into the root system. As a result, the heads of garlic grow well, develop and become large. In order for the green sprout of a spicy vegetable to grow faster, many summer residents plant garlic cloves and heads in the initial phase of the growing moon.
When to plant garlic in spring?
It is recommended to plant garlic cloves no later than the first decade of April. Such landing dates are suitable for residents of central Russia. In the Urals and Siberia, the soil on the site begins to thaw only at the end of April, so garlic is planted here in May.
According to the lunar calendar, in 2019 the following dates are favorable for planting spring garlic:
- March - this month the vegetable is planted in the southern regions of the country. The best days for planting: 1, 2, 3, 4, from 24 to 30.
- April - favorable days: 3, 21, 23, 26, 30.
- May - The moon wanes at the beginning and at the end of the month, so landings are recommended: 4, 20, 22, 23, 26, 31.
Astrologers do not advise planting on the following days of spring:
- March: 5, 6, 21, 31;
- April: 5 and 19;
- May: 5 and 19.
When to plant garlic in the fall?
Winter garlic is planted in the fall 35-45 days before the onset of frosty days. Therefore, in the northern regions of the country, they begin to plant in August, in Siberia and the Urals in September, in central Russia they plant a vegetable in October, and in the southern regions in November or even December. But in any case, the landing time depends on the weather conditions. It is necessary to plant garlic in the fall so that it does not yet have time to start growing, and forms a root system, about 10 cm long.
Favorable days for planting garlic in the fall of 2019:
- August: from 19 to 24;
- September: from 18 to 23 and 30;
- October: from 16 to 22;
- November: from 16 to 23.
If it is not possible to plant a spring type of vegetable these days, then you can start planting on any other day, except for unfavorable dates:
- August: 1 and 15;
- September: 14 and 28;
- October: 14 and 28;
- November: 12 and 26;
- December: 12 and 26.
Since the plant is planted early in the spring and the soil is still frozen at this time, the bed for planting is prepared in the fall. Best of all, a spicy vegetable grows in loamy, neutral and fertile soil. During digging, for each square meter of the garden, it contributes:
- humus - 1 bucket;
- potassium salt - 20 grams;
- superphosphate - 30 grams.
Planting material preparation
Plant garlic with cloves, which should be straight and healthy. Soft, damaged and twisted planting material is rejected.
The selected teeth are placed in the vegetable section of the refrigerator for 2-3 weeks, after which they are disinfected in one of three solutions:
- 1% solution of copper sulfate;
- weak solution of potassium permanganate;
- ash solution, which is prepared from a liter of water and 20 grams of ash (the mixture must be boiled and cooled for 30 minutes).
In a solution of copper sulfate and potassium permanganate, the planting material is aged for 12 hours, and in an ash solution for 2 hours.
After what crop can garlic be planted?
Planting spring garlic in spring
Two days before planting in open ground, spring garlic can be wrapped in a damp cloth and polyethylene so that it germinates. Grooves are made on the bed with a distance of 20-25 cm, and with a depth of 7 to 9 cm. The teeth are placed at a distance of about 7 cm from each other (you need to make sure that their bottom is located at the bottom). Dry soil after planting is watered, and if the soil is moist, then watering is not required.
A bed for winter garlic is prepared two weeks before planting. This type of spicy vegetable is usually larger than spring, so the grooves for it are made 15-20 cm deep, at a distance of 8 to 15 cm. The distance between the grooves depends on the size of the cloves.
Winter garlic can also be planted with bulbs (air bulbs), which are arranged according to the 2X10 cm pattern to a depth of 3 cm.
After planting before winter, it is recommended to mulch the bed with a mixture of sawdust with soil or dry peat with a layer of 2 cm. When the snow falls, the shelter will need to be removed.
How to grow large garlic?
Caring for garlic is quite simple, however, in order to get a good harvest and large heads, you need to carry out some procedures:
- Watering garlic. If it rains regularly in spring and summer, then the beds with spicy vegetables can not be watered. In dry weather, plantings are watered abundantly, using from 10 to 12 liters of water per square meter. In order for the heads to gain volume and weight, watering must be stopped in August.
- Weeding and loosening. These are mandatory procedures that are recommended to be carried out after rain or watering.
- Removing arrows. In order for the forces of the plant to be spent on the development of the onion, as soon as the arrows are formed, they must be removed.
- Feeding garlic. During the season, plants are fertilized only four times. The first time, top dressing is applied as soon as the greens appear, and the second time - two weeks after the first. Urea, mullein or Fertak's top dressing are used as fertilizer. All these fertilizers contain nitrogen necessary for the development of bulbs.
- Protection from diseases and pests. In order for the plants to be affected as little as possible by diseases and pests, it is necessary to process the teeth before planting and observe the crop rotation. It is better not to use insecticides and fungicides for the prevention and treatment of garlic, since the heads will absorb all the poisons.
When to dig winter and spring garlic
At the end of July, you can start harvesting winter garlic, and from mid-August, they begin to harvest spring garlic. The fact that it's time to dig a spicy vegetable can be recognized by the following signs:
- the feathers turned yellow and died;
- no new feathers are formed;
- heads acquired the desired volume and color.
You need to collect the vegetable on time, otherwise it will start growing again, its onion will decay and become unsuitable for storage in winter.
Unstorable head of garlic The heads are pulled out of the ground or dug with a pitchfork and laid out on a bed to dry. That is why cleaning should be done in dry weather. The dried earth is shaken off the bulbs and hung up for a week to dry in a room with a temperature of about +30 degrees. If the temperature outside is within +25 degrees and there is no rain, then the heads can be hung under a canopy and dried for 10 days.
If garlic is intended for long-term storage, then after it dries, its roots and greens are cut off. For arrowing varieties, the neck should be left 2 cm long, and for non-shooting varieties - about 5 cm.
How to store garlic in winter?
Spring varieties are best stored, and winter varieties are capricious, quickly dry out and are affected by rot. Conditions for storing garlic:
- The air temperature for winter garlic should be from +2 to + 4 degrees, and for spring - from +16 to +20 degrees.
- Humidity in the room should be in the range of 60-80%.
Heads can be folded into baskets and stored on a veranda or glazed loggia. Garlic is stored for a long time if it is put in boxes and sprinkled with salt.
In private houses, a spicy vegetable is stored under the roof of attics or sheds, after tying the heads in a bunch. If the false stem is not cut off, then it is woven into braids and hung under the ceiling of a ventilated and cool room. Onions can not be tied, but simply folded with a net or a nylon stocking.
When storing garlic in the winter at home, it is necessary to regularly sort out the heads, throwing out those that begin to deteriorate.
As you can see, planting and caring for garlic is quite simple and will not take much time. If everything is done correctly, then by the fall large heads of healthy vegetables will grow on the beds, which can be stored at home in the winter.
Everyone knows that growing garlic in your garden is a very good thing! Garlic is good for health, indispensable in cooking, and preservation without the participation of garlic is by no means complete.
There is already an article on the site, but in one of the comments I was asked to tell in more detail about where in the garden to plant garlic, how to choose it. To each his place. If you know where it is best to grow garlic, then it will not only please you with a harvest, but also help in your garden. After reading this short article, you will know Where is the best place to plant garlic?.
Where is the best place to grow garlic?
Growing garlic is not at all difficult, you just need to know what is needed in order to get a good harvest.
Garlic loves fertile soil, it is necessary to grow garlic on cultivated fertile areas of sandy and loamy soil with neutral acidity.
When planning and choosing a place on the site in order to grow garlic, you should know next to which plants you can “settle” it.
Onions, potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers will be happy with such a neighbor as garlic. You can also safely plant it next to strawberries, strawberries, black currants, gooseberries, raspberries.
Garlic gets along well with flowers such as roses, gladioli, tulips. Garlic is very fond of sunny places and it is better to separate a separate bed for it, although this is not necessary.
Garlic benefits not only the human body, in the garden where it grows, the benefits from it are also very impressive. Pests such as slugs, caterpillars, drillers really do not like garlic. If you plant it near roses, it will protect these wonderful flowers from black spot. Even the mole, which is so hard to get rid of, does not like garlic, and will not dig its minks near the garlic beds.
You need to know that there are also plants that will not tolerate garlic next to them. Peas, cabbage and beans are best planted away from the garlic beds. If you planted onions on a piece of land last year, then you can’t grow garlic in this place this year and for the next 3 years. Plant it in the place where the pumpkin crops used to be.
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