Insurance activity is determined by certain socio-economic needs of society. As one of the elements of industrial relations, insurance creates the necessary conditions for carrying out preventive measures to prevent the negative consequences of exposure to natural forces and other emergency events.

Insurance is a system of economic relations regarding the formation of centralized and decentralized monetary and material funds necessary to cover the unforeseen needs of society and its members.

Features characterizing insurance as an economic category are highlighted: the presence of distribution relations; presence of insurance risk; formation of an insurance community from among policyholders and insurers; combination of individual and insurance interests; joint liability of all insurers for damage; closed damage layout; redistribution of damage in space and time; refund of insurance payments; self-sufficiency of insurance activities.

From a material point of view, insurance acts in the form of created monetary or material funds that are used to compensate for damage resulting from natural disasters and other unforeseen circumstances.

The existence of insurance as a legal category is due to the objective need for legal regulation of social relations that arise during the creation and use of an insurance fund.

Insurance as an independent institution of the financial system performs the following main functions.

The preventive function of insurance is associated with the implementation of preventive measures aimed at preventing the occurrence of possible losses of policyholders.

The restoration (protective) function of insurance is that in the event of an insured event and payment of a certain amount of money stipulated by the contract, full or partial repayment of losses incurred by the insured occurs.

The risk function manifests itself in the redistribution of risk between insurance participants.

The savings function is implemented through the organization of certain types of insurance, which suggests the existence of insurance aimed at maintaining insurance premiums over a long period of time.

The control function of insurance is manifested in the fact that insurance payments are received by insurance funds for predetermined purposes for which they should be used.

Insurance is an integral part of finance, but insurance relations have a number of features:

• monetary relations in insurance are associated with the possibility of insured events causing damage;
• during insurance, the damage caused is distributed among the insurance participants;
• when insuring, damage is redistributed between territories and over time;
• insurance is characterized by the return of funds contributed to the insurance fund.

Insurance elements are:

To certify the insurance contract, the insurer issues to the policyholder an insurance certificate (policy), which contains the insurance rules, a list of insurance risks, the amount of the insured amount and the insurance premium (contribution), the procedure for changing and terminating the contract.

Objects of insurance - property, life, health, ability to work of citizens, etc.

An insured event is an event that actually occurred, the consequence of which is the payment of insurance compensation.

Insured loss is damage caused to insurance objects as a result of an insured event.

Insurance indemnity is the amount of damage due to payment to the insured.

Insurance tariff (contribution) - payment for insurance.

Insurance risk is the probability of an insured event occurring.

All these basic insurance concepts are contained in the insurance contract.

Insurance contract is an agreement between the policyholder and the insurer, according to which the insurer undertakes, in the event of an insured event, to make an insurance payment to the policyholder or another person in whose favor the insurance contract is concluded, and the policyholder undertakes to pay insurance premiums within the established time frame.

Licensed insurance activity is the activity of insurance organizations and mutual insurance companies (insurers), associated with the formation of special cash funds (insurance reserves) at the expense of insurance premiums paid by policyholders for payments under insurance contracts.

A license to conduct insurance activities has no restrictions on the period of validity, unless this is specifically provided for when issuing it. Licenses are issued for voluntary and compulsory insurance (Fig. 8.3).

After registration and issuance of a license to conduct insurance activities, the state, represented by authorized bodies, carries out constant supervision over the activities of insurers.

The Department of Insurance Supervision of the Ministry of Finance of Russia has the right:

• receive from insurers established reporting on insurance activities and information on their financial position;
• verify compliance by insurers with insurance legislation and the reliability of the reports they submit;
• when identifying violations of insurance legislation by insurers, give instructions to eliminate them. In case of failure to comply with these instructions, the Department has the right to suspend or limit the insurer’s license until the identified violations are eliminated, or to revoke the license.

In order to strengthen control over the financial position of insurers, “Rules for the placement of insurance reserves by insurers” have been developed. In accordance with these rules, the following types of assets are accepted to cover insurance reserves:

• government securities and municipal securities;
• bank bills;
• shares, bonds, housing certificates;
• investment units of mutual investment funds;
• certificates of equity participation in general funds of banking management;
• shares in the authorized capital of companies;
• real estate;
• share of premiums for risks accepted in reinsurance;
• receivables from policyholders;
• cash;
• cash, foreign currency in bank accounts;
• bars of gold and silver.

2. Self-regulation of insurance activities is possible under the conditions of the creation of an insurance market, decentralization in the insurance sector, and expansion of the range of insurance objects.

An increase in the cost of insurance and an increase in the risk of an insured event leads to the formation of an objective need to combine the organizational and financial efforts of insurers.

Insurance legislation provides for various legal forms of interaction between insurers:

• coinsurance,
• reinsurance,
• associations of insurers.

Coinsurance is a method of distributing and leveling risks; An insurer that has received an offer to enter into an insurance contract for objects with a high actual value and a high degree of risk can share responsibility with other insurers by concluding a co-insurance contract.

To establish the optimal ratio, the insurer takes for insurance such an amount of the insured amount as it can retain on its own. He insures the uncovered part of the risk with other insurers.

Reinsurance is a system of economic relations in which the insurer transfers part of the responsibility for the risks assumed to other insurers in order to create a balanced insurance portfolio in order to ensure financial stability and profitability of insurance operations.

A reinsurance contract is a legal document containing an agreement between the parties that the risk of payment of insurance compensation or the insured amount assumed by the insurer under an insurance contract can be insured in full or in part by another insurer (insurers) under a reinsurance contract concluded with the latter.

The reinsurance contract is concluded by two parties:

• insurance company that transfers the risk (assignor);
• the insurance company that accepts the risk on its own responsibility is the reinsurer (assignee).

Based on the method of risk transfer, reinsurance contracts are divided into facultative (optional) and obligatory (mandatory).

Under a facultative agreement, the insurer (reinsurer) has the right to transfer the risks insured by it, and another insurer (reinsurer) has the right to accept or refuse to accept the proposed risks.

Under an obligatory agreement, the original insurer (reinsurer) is obliged to transfer the specified shares of risks accepted by it for insurance during a specified period of time to another specific insurer (reinsurer), and the latter is obliged to accept them.

To coordinate their activities, protect the interests of their members, and implement joint programs, insurers can form unions, associations and associations.

Russian insurance legislation also provides for the possibility of creating an insurance pool (agreement). An insurance pool is a voluntary association of insurers, not a legal entity, created on the basis of an agreement between them in order to ensure the financial stability of insurance operations on the terms of joint liability of its participants.

State insurance is insurance in which a government organization acts as an insurer.

State insurance is a system of measures to create a special monetary (insurance) fund at the expense of contributions from its participants, from which a specialized state organization makes compensation for material damage, as well as payment of sums of money in connection with natural disasters, fires, accidents or under other circumstances. Within the framework of state insurance, material damage caused to state, public, and cooperative organizations, as well as to the health and property of citizens, is compensated. The property of state farms, other state agricultural enterprises, collective farms and inter-collective farm organizations (for example, agricultural crops, farm animals, poultry, buildings, structures, vehicles, etc.), as well as citizens (for example, residential buildings, garden houses, dachas, outbuildings, cattle, horses). As part of compulsory personal insurance, passengers are insured against accidents in railway, air and water transport. All passengers are considered insured from the moment boarding is announced. The corresponding insurance fee is charged upon the sale of tickets, travel passes and other documents.

For young families, voluntary property and personal insurance arising on the basis of a contract is of interest. Voluntary personal insurance provides financial assistance both to the insured themselves in the event of their loss of general ability to work as a result of injury or another reason provided for in the contract, and to the relatives and friends of the insured in the event of his death. It also allows you to create certain savings for a pre-selected date or event, for example, for the coming of age of a son or daughter, for the day of marriage, etc. Types of voluntary personal insurance are mixed life insurance, children's insurance, schoolchildren's insurance, marriage insurance (wedding insurance). ), accident insurance.

Under a personal insurance agreement, the insurance organization undertakes, upon the occurrence of an event (insured event) specified in the agreement, to pay the insured person or other person in whose favor the agreement was concluded the insurance amount stipulated by the agreement. An insured event is determined by the rules of individual types of insurance.

One of the most common types of personal insurance, which provides broad life and health insurance coverage, is mixed life insurance. Contracts can be concluded on the terms of payment of a single, double or triple the insured amount in the event of permanent loss of general ability by the insured. Insured events for this type of insurance include: expiration of the insurance period; permanent (full or partial) loss of general ability by the insured as a result of injury (bruise, wound, bone fracture except pathological, burn, frostbite, electric shock, compression, dislocation), accidental acute poisoning, tick-borne encephalitis, polio; death of the policyholder.

Insurance contracts for children, concluded by their parents or other relatives, have also become widespread. At the time of concluding the contract, the child’s age must not exceed 15 years. The duration of the contract is determined as the difference between 18 years and the age of the child on the day the contract is concluded. After the end of the insurance period specified in the insurance certificate, the amount is paid to the boy or girl in whose favor the contract was concluded. In the event of a permanent health disorder in the insured child as a result of an accident, tick-borne encephalitis or polio, the insurance amount is paid in an amount corresponding to the percentage of the permanent health disorder. In the event of the death of a child during the period of validity of the contract, the policyholder is paid an insurance benefit in the established amount and the paid insurance premiums are fully refunded.

Under schoolchildren's insurance, the insured amount is paid in the event of a health disorder of the insured child due to an accident, as well as in the event of the death of a schoolchild for a number of reasons. The agreement is concluded with the parents or other relatives of the student with whom he lives. Insurance contracts are issued through the school from September 1 to September 30 annually. Insurance premium of 2 rubles. per year, policyholders pay a part-time insurance agent from among the school employees. A schoolchild is considered insured for a year (from September 1 to August 31) in the event of a health disorder in the amount of 1000 rubles. The total amount of payments in connection with the consequences of several injuries received by a schoolchild cannot exceed the insured amount. In the event of the death of a student, one of the parents or a relative with whom he lived is paid 500 rubles. The amount of the benefit does not depend on amounts previously received in connection with a persistent health disorder. The student remains insured when moving to another school, another district or city during the year.

Marriage insurance (wedding) is concluded with parents, adoptive parents and other relatives (insured) in favor of a child under 15 years of age. Insurance premiums are paid from the date of conclusion of the contract until the child reaches 18 years of age. Insured events include the insured entering into a registered marriage after the end of the insurance period or reaching the age of 21, as well as a number of reasons specified in the insurance rules. If the boy or girl in whose favor the contract is concluded marries between the ages of 18 and 21, the insurance amount is paid with interest (0.25 percent for each full month that has elapsed from the date of expiration of the insurance period).

Accident insurance contracts are concluded for a period of 1 to 5 years with citizens aged from 16 to 75 years at the time of expiration of the contract (except for disabled people of groups I and II), in case of loss of ability to work as a result of injuries or death from drowning, shock , hypothermia and a number of other reasons.

Voluntary property insurance is carried out in the form of insurance of household property, vehicles, buildings, animals.

Voluntary property insurance can be additional to compulsory insurance, which will provide compensation to the citizen for damage in a fuller amount in the event of an insured event. Voluntary insurance of citizens' household property is widespread.

Furniture, clothing, electrical appliances, televisions, radios, photographic and film equipment are accepted for insurance. Economic and sports-tourist equipment, food products, and agricultural products obtained from a personal plot are also subject to insurance. A specific inventory of items is not made when concluding an insurance contract. Various documents, author's manuscripts, banknotes, government loan bonds, letters of credit are not subject to insurance, and collections of any homogeneous items of scientific, historical or artistic interest, including antiques, as well as items made of precious metals, are not accepted for insurance. and various stones (precious, semi-precious and ornamental).

The amount of the insured amount is determined by the policyholder himself. In addition, during the validity period of the contract, the insurance amount can be increased by concluding an additional contract for the period remaining until the end of the main one. In all cases, the insured amount cannot exceed the value of the property.

Insurance contracts are drawn up by insurance agents or inspectors, both with and without inspection of the property. Without inspection, property insurance contracts can be concluded for an amount of up to 5,000 rubles; For larger amounts, contracts are concluded with an inspection to ensure that the insured amount declared by the owner corresponds to the value of the property to be insured. The insurance period is set at the request of the policyholder from 2 to 11 months and from 1 year to 5 years.

Household property is considered insured at the place of permanent residence of the insured in all residential and ancillary premises, as well as on a personal plot. Insurance of dacha property is allowed under a separate agreement. Insurance compensation is paid in the event of loss or damage to household property as a result of fire, explosion, natural disasters, rain, hail, landslide, sudden release of groundwater, flood, prolonged rains and heavy snowfall unusual for the area, mudflow, lightning strike, earthquake , failure of the heating system, water supply and sewerage networks, as well as in the event of its theft.

Vehicle insurance covers passenger cars (including those with industrial trailers), motorcycles, scooters, snowmobiles (snowmobiles), motor scooters, sidecars, mopeds, motor boats, rowing boats, sailing boats (except inflatable ones), cutters, motor boats, sailing boats and motor boats. -sailing yachts.

Insurance of vehicles is provided in case of their destruction or damage as a result of an accident, fire, explosion, lightning strike, storm, storm, hurricane, downpour, hail, heavy snowfall, earthquake, mudflow, avalanche, landslide, flood, flood, failure under the ice, damage to the plumbing or heating system, as well as the theft of a vehicle or outboard motor and its destruction in connection with theft or theft, destruction or damage to a vehicle as a result of a road (water) transport accident: a collision with another vehicle, a collision (impact) on moving or stationary objects (structures, obstacles, animals, etc.), falling of vehicles or any object on it, overturning, flooding, short circuit, as well as glass breaking with stones and other objects flying from under the wheels other means of transport. Insurance compensation is paid for the specified reasons on the territory of the USSR.

The insurance contract is concluded at the request of the owner after inspection of the vehicle by an employee of the State Insurance Inspectorate for a period of 2 to 11 months inclusive and for a year. The insured of a vehicle can be the person to whom it belongs as personal property, or the person who received it from the social security authority in the prescribed manner, or the person to whom the owner has issued a notarized power of attorney for the right to use (dispose of) it.

When the insured vehicle becomes the property of another person (during sale, donation, or division of property), the policyholder has the right to transfer the insurance certificate to the new owner or re-issue the contract for another vehicle purchased to replace the previous one. If the policyholder has transferred the insurance certificate to the new owner, this vehicle is considered insured until the end of the stipulated period.

On January 1, 1986, a new type of insurance for passenger cars was introduced - “auto-combi”, under which the car, luggage and life of the driver (policyholder) of the car in the event of death become insured. The insured amounts for each object of combined insurance are established: for car insurance in the amount of its actual value; the life of the driver (policyholder) of the car in the event of death is considered insured for 1000 rubles; Luggage insurance under the “auto-combi” contract is provided in the amount of 500 rubles. Baggage includes cultural and household items, household items and personal belongings. The list of property considered as luggage under the insurance contract also includes various additional equipment and accessories of the car: radios, tape recorders, refrigerators, televisions, seat covers, lighting and signaling devices. The “auto-combi” insurance contract provides for the payment of insurance compensation in the event of a fire, explosion, lightning strike, storm, storm, hurricane, rain, hail, heavy snowfall, earthquake, mudflow, avalanche, landslide, flood, flood, failure under the ice, damage plumbing or heating system, as well as theft (theft) of a car or its individual parts: parts, accessories and luggage.

An auto-combi insurance contract can be issued using one of two options. At a payment rate of 2% of the actual value of the car, damage is compensated in any amount. At a tariff rate of payment of 1% of the cost of the car, damage caused to the policyholder in the amount of up to 150 rubles is not compensated. The insurance period for each option is 1 year.

Insurance compensation is paid in the amount of damage caused, but not more than the corresponding insured amount: for a car this amount is equal to its actual value, for luggage - 500 rubles.

When insuring buildings, residential, garden and country houses belonging to citizens, as well as outbuildings (sheds, barns, bathhouses, garages, etc.) are accepted for insurance. Residential and commercial buildings are insured in case of damage or destruction as a result of fire, lightning strike, explosion (also if the explosion and lightning strike did not cause a fire), flood, earthquake, storm, hurricane, tsunami, rain, hail, collapse, landslide, high water , mudflows, release of groundwater, prolonged rains and heavy snowfall unusual for the area, failure of the heating system, water supply and sewerage networks.

The policyholder can enter into an agreement to insure all residential and commercial buildings located on the land plot allocated to him, individual buildings (for example, a residential building) or his share of the building.

If a building is destroyed or damaged, compensation is paid by the State Insurance Inspectorate that concluded the contract. Payments for compulsory and voluntary insurance are made simultaneously. The basis for payment is an act drawn up by the State Insurance Inspectorate with the participation of the policyholder or an adult member of his family.

Animal insurance contracts are concluded at the oral or written request of the policyholder for a period of one year. All existing animals of the same species that have reached insurance age are subject to insurance. Under state compulsory insurance, cattle and horses are insured for 40% of their value at state purchase prices. Voluntary insurance can be concluded for the same amount. You can insure sheep, goats, and pigs up to 80% of their value at government purchase prices. Insurance is carried out in case of death of an animal as a result of illness, freezing, suffocation, attack by animals, poisoning by poisonous herbs or substances, bites of snakes and poisonous insects, death from traumatic injuries. Animals of the same type and age are subject to insurance in the same amount. If, during the validity of the contract, another animal of a given type is received instead of the retired one, or if the animal on the farm reaches insurance age, then it is considered insured in the same amount as the retired one, without re-issuing the contract.

Voluntary property and personal insurance contracts are concluded in writing, documented by a certificate issued by the insurance organization to the policyholder, and come into force upon payment of the first insurance premium. In this case, the policyholder undertakes to pay insurance payments to the insurance organization, and it, in turn, undertakes, upon the occurrence of an insured event, to pay to the policyholder or another person specified by him the insurance compensation (for property insurance) or the insurance amount (for personal insurance) stipulated by the contract. In case of partial loss of property that is not insured to its full value, the amount of compensation for damage depends on the liability system established for this type of property insurance: proportional or first risk. With the proportional system used for most types of insurance, the amount of insurance compensation relates to the amount of damage as the insured amount relates to the actual value of the insured property. Under the first risk system, usually used when insuring household property and vehicles belonging to citizens, insurance compensation is made in the full amount of the loss caused, but within the limits of the insured amount.

Compulsory state insurance for certain categories of citizens is provided for by the norm of paragraph 1 of Art. 969 of the Civil Code, according to which, in order to ensure the social interests of citizens and the interests of the state, the law may establish compulsory state insurance of life, health and property of civil servants of certain categories.
Despite the fact that the law determines the possibility of compulsory state insurance for certain categories of government employees, the legislation of the Russian Federation provides for the use of this type of insurance to ensure the social interests of citizens who are not government employees (the list of government positions is determined by the Register of government positions in the Russian Federation).
Thus, the object of compulsory state insurance may be persons employed in state organizations (that is, not classified as civil servants), if this is provided for by law. For example, the Law of the Russian Federation “On psychiatric care and guarantees of the rights of citizens during its provision” provides for compulsory state personal insurance of psychiatrists and other personnel involved in the provision of psychiatric care.
According to the provisions of paragraph 1 of Art. 969 of the Civil Code, compulsory state insurance is carried out at the expense of funds allocated for these purposes from the relevant budget to ministries and other federal executive authorities (insurers). Thus, those federal executive authorities are recognized as insurers for this type of insurance, to which these responsibilities are assigned by the relevant laws and to which the necessary funds are allocated from the relevant budgets to pay insurance premiums.

Today it is one of the fundamental points in the process of creating favorable conditions for the lives of citizens.

Since the insurance business is one of the most capital-intensive and risky, it is not surprising that it is easier for companies to stay in this market if the state has its share in these companies, providing greater stability.

In addition, a number of insurance areas are unattractive for private insurers due to low profitability or difficult operating conditions. These areas include insurance, for example, agricultural risks. The fact is that Russian farmers are often not ready to afford insurance at market rates, and then the state comes into this area with preferential conditions. Such insurance is intended not to extract maximum profit, but to stabilize the situation in the country's economy. In terms of operating methods, state insurance companies are not much different from private ones.

Insurance is carried out through the creation of a special monetary fund, which is formed from contributions from its participants, and in the event of an insured event, payment of funds occurs through a specialized organization. The responsibility of state-owned companies includes compulsory personal insurance for passengers of air, water and land transport. Any citizen who buys a train or plane ticket automatically becomes a client of the state insurer, since the cost of insurance is included in the price of the ticket. The undoubted advantages of state insurance, in addition to the guaranteed payment when an insured event occurs, also include more favorable conditions that the policyholder can provide due to the scale of the system.

In addition, the state often provides insurance at preferential rates to a number of persons. Another specific type of insurance provided by the state is deposit insurance. We can say that this service is provided free of charge. The only condition is to open a deposit in any bank participating in the deposit insurance system. If the bank is declared insolvent, its client is guaranteed to receive 100% of the deposit amount, but not more than 700 thousand rubles. This measure allows the population to be encouraged to actively invest and has a positive effect on the rate of economic growth. Only state insurance can operate in conditions where it is obviously impossible to make a profit. Unemployment payments are also a unique form of state insurance.

The benefit paid to citizens who have lost their jobs allows them not to feel abandoned and to calmly look for a new job. In most developed countries, the benefit system today has enormous resources. In this situation, state insurance is designed to stabilize the situation in society. Of course, private business does not have sufficient resources, and most importantly, the interest to perform these functions. Of course, many state-owned companies are profitable and know how to invest wisely. But their main task is to ensure the stable development of the state as a whole, regardless of the profitability of this activity.

Concept and types of state insurance

Definition 1

State insurance is a system of measures carried out by the state to organize compensation for damage caused to state and non-profit enterprises, property and health of individuals, as well as to compensate for losses incurred as a result of natural disasters, fires, catastrophes, etc.

Payments are made from the funds of specially created insurance funds, formed both from the state budget and from contributions from participants.

Insurance companies that have the appropriate license to conduct state insurance, as well as specialized government organizations, have the right to make these payments.

Both the state and federal authorities, as well as organizations and individuals (with social insurance) can act as insurers.

Compulsory state insurance includes:

• social insurance;
• insurance of military personnel and persons equivalent to them.

With compulsory state insurance, the amount and procedure for payment of insurance premiums and insurance payments are approved by legislative acts.

In the case where the state, federal authorities or ministries act as the insurer, the company with which insurance contracts will be concluded must be selected on the basis of a tender or auction. In this case, the insured persons will be military personnel, certain categories of government employees (judges, bailiffs, etc.) and other persons subject to compulsory state insurance.

In this case, the insured persons must be familiar with the terms of insurance, the procedure for action upon the occurrence of an insured event, and the methods of making insurance payments.

Compulsory social insurance

State social insurance in Russia is a system designed to provide social protection to working citizens from the adverse consequences of the occurrence of insurance events that may affect their financial and social situation, as well as their health.

State social insurance includes:

• medical insurance, including payment of sick leave;
• pension insurance (upon reaching retirement age, becoming disabled or losing a breadwinner);
• insurance against industrial accidents and occupational diseases, including payment of benefits to dependents of persons killed at work;
• unemployment insurance (unemployment benefits, retraining, employment), etc.

Insurance payments are made from the funds of specialized insurance funds created by the state: the Social Insurance Fund (SIF), the Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund (MHIF) and the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation.

These insurance funds form their own budgets, which are not part of the state budget. Funds in these budgets come from mandatory contributions paid by insurers (employers).

The legislation determines the following amounts of insurance contributions: in the Social Insurance Fund - 2.9%, in the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation - 22%, in the Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund - 5.1%. Payment of contributions is made from the employees' wage fund, as well as from other remunerations (bonuses) and payments.

For individual entrepreneurs, notaries and lawyers, different amounts of insurance premiums are established.

At the expense of the Social Insurance Fund, payments are made for sick leave in case of temporary disability, all payments and benefits in connection with maternity (one-time payments for early registration and at the birth of a child, as well as monthly benefits), payment for treatment and rehabilitation in the event of an accident accidents at work, compensation for treatment in a sanatorium for certain categories of citizens, as well as providing disabled people with the necessary technical equipment and prostheses.

The Pension Fund of the Russian Federation deals with the calculation and payment of pensions, as well as issuing certificates for receiving maternity capital in connection with the birth of a child.

Each citizen in the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation must open a special account (SNILS), which is necessary not only for pension provision, but also when applying for a job and processing certain documents.

The Compulsory Health Insurance Fund is a non-profit organization that was created to implement the state program for health insurance. This Fund exercises control over the targeted use of funds received as insurance premiums for compulsory medical insurance.

Compulsory insurance for military personnel

Note 1

Compulsory state insurance for military personnel was introduced to protect the material and personal interests of persons undergoing military service or called up for military training, as well as their immediate relatives. The need for this type of insurance is due to the fact that the official activities of military personnel, as well as persons equivalent to them, are associated with an increased risk of threat to life and health.

The insured is the state and federal government bodies. Payments of insurance premiums are made from budget funds.

According to the law, state insurance of military personnel is carried out by an insurance company selected based on the results of an annual competition (auction).

The insurance contract comes into force from the moment the citizen enters military service and lasts until the expiration of 12 months after dismissal from service.

The life and health of military personnel and persons equivalent to them are subject to insurance. Recipients of insurance payments can be both the insured persons themselves and beneficiaries who are the closest relatives of the insured person.

Insured events are recognized as the receipt of injury, mutilation or other injury, disability, as well as the death of a military man during the performance of his official duties, as well as the assignment of a disability group to him or his death within 12 months from the date of dismissal from service due to various injuries and wounds received during service or during military training.

The amount and procedure for making insurance payments are determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The insurance company has the right to refuse payment if the insured person intentionally caused harm to his health, received injuries, wounds or mutilations under the influence of alcohol, narcotic or toxic substances, as well as if these injuries were received when the insured person committed socially dangerous actions.

If the leadership of the military unit in which the insured person served, without justified reasons, refuses to provide the documents required to receive insurance payments, then it will bear the responsibility provided for by law.

If a controversial situation arises, the issue can be resolved in court.

The entire insurance system is divided into two groups: compulsory insurance And voluntary.

At the same time, compulsory insurance established by law.

It is clearly regulated; rules, objects and insurance rates are defined for it by regulatory legal acts.

Based Article 927 of the Civil Code compulsory insurance is carried out by concluding an agreement between the insurance company and the insured person.

Compulsory insurance affects the risks of large masses of the population or the entire society.

Insurance rules are specified in a large number of federal laws and regulations. Many of them, such as passenger insurance, have been adopted in recent years.

But no matter how ideal the insurance legislation may seem, practice points to huge gaps in the system.

Types of compulsory insurance:

Compulsory medical insurance - compulsory medical insurance

Compulsory health insurance is the most common type of compulsory insurance. Almost all residents of the country have a compulsory medical insurance policy; it provides broad guarantees in the provision of medical services.

The purpose of compulsory health insurance is ensure immediate medical care at the expense of the fund's savings. Employers transfer money to the medical fund in the form of deductions in the amount of 3.6% of the unified social tax.

Not all medical services are provided free of charge; for example, preventive, health resort, cosmetology and other services provided on the personal initiative of citizens are provided on a commercial basis.

To obtain a health insurance policy, you must contact Territorial Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund, whose address can be found at the nearest clinic. When moving from one federal subject to another, you must surrender your old policy and then get a new one.

However, you have the right to receive medical care in any corner of Russia, therefore, When going on a business trip or vacation, be sure to take the insurance policy with you.

Insurance for transporting passengers by land, water or air

This type of insurance is provided by insurance companies that have concluded an agreement with the carrier.

The main purpose of this type of insurance is to protect the interests of passengers in the event of damage to life, health or property.

Insurance does not cover this type of transport such as a taxi.

The adoption of the law on insurance for the carriage of passengers in January 2013 was associated with violations by carriers of the interests of citizens and the lack of guarantees of receiving payments.

With the adoption of the law, the situation has changed little, and carriers, in collusion with insurance companies, are doing their best to avoid fulfilling their duties.

To receive payment in the event of an emergency, you will need contact the insurer with a ticket and insurance check. Therefore, do not throw away your ticket and insurance before arriving at your destination. The insurance is valid only for the duration of the trip.

Compulsory social insurance of citizens

Social insurance of citizens is one of the most useful and necessary types of compulsory insurance. Throughout their lives, the working population contributes funds to the social fund. From there, people in need receive payments.

Child benefits, disability benefits or large families, unemployment benefits, pensions - all this is paid by the social fund. It provides help to people who are in difficult situations, although this help can be difficult to achieve.

Social insurance is valid throughout a person's life. Many government agencies require presentation SNILS - document, which indicates the citizen’s special personal number.

Using this number you can find out about the amount of insurance premiums and work experience, which will subsequently affect the amount of your pension accrued.

To apply for SNILS you should contact Pension Fund with a passport or when applying for a job write a statement directly to the employer.

Insurance for military personnel and government employees

Insurance of military personnel, as well as government employees, helps protect the life and health of these people. For such categories of citizens special benefits and payments are provided. This is due to the constant threat to life and health.

Military personnel undergoing military service or contract service, government employees receive payments if their health is harmed, receive pensions for funerals and family support.

Insurance payments are not made if the insured person committed an act while intoxicated or intentionally caused harm to himself.

Insurance is handled by a company authorized to provide compulsory state insurance services. This organization a commercial, which has repeatedly caused controversy and discussion.

Another mandatory type of insurance is compulsory motor liability insurance. All car owners know about this type of insurance. It guarantees compensation for damage to health, life or property in the event of an accident.

Payments under compulsory motor liability insurance are small - up to 160 thousand rubles. To receive additional funds, you should insure yourself with DSAGO.

By the way, auto liability insurance will not help you in case of car theft or damage. For high payments and an extended insurance package, you will have to apply for CASCO, which is not cheap.

Every driver driving a vehicle must be included in the insurance policy; or it must indicate that anyone can drive. OSAGO must always be carried with you and in case of violation of the rules, present it to an employee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Insurance of civil liability of the owner of a dangerous object

Mandatory types of insurance in the Russian Federation include civil liability insurance for the owner of a hazardous facility. This type of insurance is aimed at providing assistance to persons injured as a result of an accident at a dangerous facility.

The law on this type of insurance was adopted in 2010, but began to work only in 2012. All owners of dangerous objects must take out insurance and make additional payments to the insurance fund.

• mines;
• metallurgical plants;
• mines;
• explosives factories;
• oil production platforms;
• fuel and lubricants warehouses;
• chemical shops;
• flour mills;
• other enterprises with the possibility of a threat to life.

People don’t often think about what a dangerous object is, yet they are close to us and pose a threat to life and health. Even escalators in shopping centers and subways can cause harm to health, and there have been cases of death!

An ammonia leak, an explosion at a nuclear power plant, a collapse in a mine, a fire at a gas station - all these are accidents at hazardous facilities.

Everyone remembers the explosion of the power unit in Chernobyl. The state still pays compensation to injured people for the harm caused, albeit in a ridiculous amount.

If an accident occurs at a dangerous facility, all injured people receive increased insurance payments.

The state allocates billions of rubles annually for life and health insurance of citizens. But not all of this money (but only a small percentage) reaches its destination. And all this because legal illiteracy of people.

If you want to receive the money you are entitled to by law, you will have to study regulations and acquire knowledge in the legal field.

Mandatory types of state insurance are:

• compulsory health insurance;
• insurance for passenger transportation;
• compulsory social insurance;
• insurance for military personnel;
And I congratulate you on the upcoming New Year +)

Hello! The establishment and payment of compulsory insurance coverage for compulsory pension insurance is carried out in the manner and under the conditions established by the Federal Law “On Labor Pensions in the Russian Federation” and the Federal Law “On Burial and Funeral Business”.